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Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Annales Geophysicae |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , |
| In: | Annales Geophysicae, 32, 2014, 2, S. 99-111 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Copernicus GmbH
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Machida, S. Miyashita, Y. Ieda, A. Nosé, M. Angelopoulos, V. McFadden, J. P. Machida, S. Miyashita, Y. Ieda, A. Nosé, M. Angelopoulos, V. McFadden, J. P. |
|---|---|
| author |
Machida, S. Miyashita, Y. Ieda, A. Nosé, M. Angelopoulos, V. McFadden, J. P. |
| spellingShingle |
Machida, S. Miyashita, Y. Ieda, A. Nosé, M. Angelopoulos, V. McFadden, J. P. Annales Geophysicae Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Geology Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| author_sort |
machida, s. |
| spelling |
Machida, S. Miyashita, Y. Ieda, A. Nosé, M. Angelopoulos, V. McFadden, J. P. 1432-0576 Copernicus GmbH Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Geology Astronomy and Astrophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-99-2014 <jats:p>Abstract. To investigate the physical mechanism responsible for substorm triggering, we performed a superposed-epoch analysis using plasma and magnetic-field data from THEMIS probes. Substorm onset timing was determined based on auroral breakups detected by all-sky imagers at the THEMIS ground-based observatories. We found earthward flows associated with north–south auroral streamers during the substorm growth phase. At around X = −12 Earth radii (RE), the northward magnetic field and its elevation angle decreased markedly approximately 4 min before substorm onset. Moreover, a northward magnetic-field increase associated with pre-onset earthward flows was found at around X = −17 RE. This variation indicates that local dipolarization occurs. Interestingly, in the region earthwards of X = −18 RE, earthward flows in the central plasma sheet (CPS) reduced significantly approximately 3 min before substorm onset, which was followed by a weakening of dawn-/duskward plasma-sheet boundary-layer flows (subject to a 1 min time lag). Subsequently, approximately 1 min before substorm onset, earthward flows in the CPS were enhanced again and at the onset, tailward flows started at around X = −20 RE. Following substorm onset, an increase in the northward magnetic field caused by dipolarization was found in the near-Earth region. Synthesizing these results, we confirm our previous results based on GEOTAIL data, which implied that significant variations start earlier than both current disruption and magnetic reconnection, at approximately 4 min before substorm onset roughly halfway between the two regions of interest; i.e. in the catapult current sheet. </jats:p> Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data Annales Geophysicae |
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10.5194/angeo-32-99-2014 |
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| title |
Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| title_unstemmed |
Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| title_full |
Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| title_fullStr |
Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| title_short |
Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| title_sort |
statistical visualization of the earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of themis data |
| topic |
Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Geology Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-99-2014 |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| physical |
99-111 |
| description |
<jats:p>Abstract. To investigate the physical mechanism responsible for substorm triggering, we performed a superposed-epoch analysis using plasma and magnetic-field data from THEMIS probes. Substorm onset timing was determined based on auroral breakups detected by all-sky imagers at the THEMIS ground-based observatories. We found earthward flows associated with north–south auroral streamers during the substorm growth phase. At around X = −12 Earth radii (RE), the northward magnetic field and its elevation angle decreased markedly approximately 4 min before substorm onset. Moreover, a northward magnetic-field increase associated with pre-onset earthward flows was found at around X = −17 RE. This variation indicates that local dipolarization occurs. Interestingly, in the region earthwards of X = −18 RE, earthward flows in the central plasma sheet (CPS) reduced significantly approximately 3 min before substorm onset, which was followed by a weakening of dawn-/duskward plasma-sheet boundary-layer flows (subject to a 1 min time lag). Subsequently, approximately 1 min before substorm onset, earthward flows in the CPS were enhanced again and at the onset, tailward flows started at around X = −20 RE. Following substorm onset, an increase in the northward magnetic field caused by dipolarization was found in the near-Earth region. Synthesizing these results, we confirm our previous results based on GEOTAIL data, which implied that significant variations start earlier than both current disruption and magnetic reconnection, at approximately 4 min before substorm onset roughly halfway between the two regions of interest; i.e. in the catapult current sheet.
</jats:p> |
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| author | Machida, S., Miyashita, Y., Ieda, A., Nosé, M., Angelopoulos, V., McFadden, J. P. |
| author_facet | Machida, S., Miyashita, Y., Ieda, A., Nosé, M., Angelopoulos, V., McFadden, J. P., Machida, S., Miyashita, Y., Ieda, A., Nosé, M., Angelopoulos, V., McFadden, J. P. |
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| description | <jats:p>Abstract. To investigate the physical mechanism responsible for substorm triggering, we performed a superposed-epoch analysis using plasma and magnetic-field data from THEMIS probes. Substorm onset timing was determined based on auroral breakups detected by all-sky imagers at the THEMIS ground-based observatories. We found earthward flows associated with north–south auroral streamers during the substorm growth phase. At around X = −12 Earth radii (RE), the northward magnetic field and its elevation angle decreased markedly approximately 4 min before substorm onset. Moreover, a northward magnetic-field increase associated with pre-onset earthward flows was found at around X = −17 RE. This variation indicates that local dipolarization occurs. Interestingly, in the region earthwards of X = −18 RE, earthward flows in the central plasma sheet (CPS) reduced significantly approximately 3 min before substorm onset, which was followed by a weakening of dawn-/duskward plasma-sheet boundary-layer flows (subject to a 1 min time lag). Subsequently, approximately 1 min before substorm onset, earthward flows in the CPS were enhanced again and at the onset, tailward flows started at around X = −20 RE. Following substorm onset, an increase in the northward magnetic field caused by dipolarization was found in the near-Earth region. Synthesizing these results, we confirm our previous results based on GEOTAIL data, which implied that significant variations start earlier than both current disruption and magnetic reconnection, at approximately 4 min before substorm onset roughly halfway between the two regions of interest; i.e. in the catapult current sheet. </jats:p> |
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| institution | DE-Pl11, DE-Rs1, DE-105, DE-14, DE-Ch1, DE-L229, DE-D275, DE-Bn3, DE-Brt1, DE-Zwi2, DE-D161, DE-Gla1, DE-Zi4, DE-15 |
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| spelling | Machida, S. Miyashita, Y. Ieda, A. Nosé, M. Angelopoulos, V. McFadden, J. P. 1432-0576 Copernicus GmbH Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Geology Astronomy and Astrophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-99-2014 <jats:p>Abstract. To investigate the physical mechanism responsible for substorm triggering, we performed a superposed-epoch analysis using plasma and magnetic-field data from THEMIS probes. Substorm onset timing was determined based on auroral breakups detected by all-sky imagers at the THEMIS ground-based observatories. We found earthward flows associated with north–south auroral streamers during the substorm growth phase. At around X = −12 Earth radii (RE), the northward magnetic field and its elevation angle decreased markedly approximately 4 min before substorm onset. Moreover, a northward magnetic-field increase associated with pre-onset earthward flows was found at around X = −17 RE. This variation indicates that local dipolarization occurs. Interestingly, in the region earthwards of X = −18 RE, earthward flows in the central plasma sheet (CPS) reduced significantly approximately 3 min before substorm onset, which was followed by a weakening of dawn-/duskward plasma-sheet boundary-layer flows (subject to a 1 min time lag). Subsequently, approximately 1 min before substorm onset, earthward flows in the CPS were enhanced again and at the onset, tailward flows started at around X = −20 RE. Following substorm onset, an increase in the northward magnetic field caused by dipolarization was found in the near-Earth region. Synthesizing these results, we confirm our previous results based on GEOTAIL data, which implied that significant variations start earlier than both current disruption and magnetic reconnection, at approximately 4 min before substorm onset roughly halfway between the two regions of interest; i.e. in the catapult current sheet. </jats:p> Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data Annales Geophysicae |
| spellingShingle | Machida, S., Miyashita, Y., Ieda, A., Nosé, M., Angelopoulos, V., McFadden, J. P., Annales Geophysicae, Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Science, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| title | Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| title_full | Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| title_fullStr | Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| title_short | Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| title_sort | statistical visualization of the earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of themis data |
| title_unstemmed | Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data |
| topic | Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Science, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-99-2014 |