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Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , |
| In: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 2018, 3, S. 2139-2154 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Copernicus GmbH
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Saha, Provat K. Khlystov, Andrey Grieshop, Andrew P. Saha, Provat K. Khlystov, Andrey Grieshop, Andrew P. |
|---|---|
| author |
Saha, Provat K. Khlystov, Andrey Grieshop, Andrew P. |
| spellingShingle |
Saha, Provat K. Khlystov, Andrey Grieshop, Andrew P. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway Atmospheric Science |
| author_sort |
saha, provat k. |
| spelling |
Saha, Provat K. Khlystov, Andrey Grieshop, Andrew P. 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Atmospheric Science http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2139-2018 <jats:p>Abstract. We present spatial measurements of particle volatility and mixing state at a site near a North Carolina interstate highway (I-40) applying several heating (thermodenuder; TD) experimental approaches. Measurements were conducted in summer 2015 and winter 2016 in a roadside trailer (10 m from road edge) and during downwind transects at different distances from the highway under favorable wind conditions using a mobile platform. Results show that the relative abundance of semi-volatile species (SVOCs) in ultrafine particles decreases with downwind distance, which is consistent with the dilution and mixing of traffic-sourced particles with background air and evaporation of semi-volatile species during downwind transport. An evaporation kinetics model was used to derive particle volatility distributions by fitting TD data. While the TD-derived distribution apportions about 20–30 % of particle mass as semi-volatile (SVOCs; effective saturation concentration, C∗ ≥ 1µm−3) at 10 m from the road edge, approximately 10 % of particle mass is attributed to SVOCs at 220 m, showing that the particle-phase semi-volatile fraction decreases with downwind distance. The relative abundance of semi-volatile material in the particle phase increased during winter. Downwind spatial gradients of the less volatile particle fraction (that remaining after heating at 180 °C) were strongly correlated with black carbon (BC). BC size distribution and mixing state measured using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) at the roadside trailer showed that a large fraction (70–80 %) of BC particles were externally mixed. Heating experiments with a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (V-TDMA) also showed that the nonvolatile fraction in roadside aerosols is mostly externally mixed. V-TDMA measurements at different distances downwind from the highway indicate that the mixing state of roadside aerosols does not change significantly (e.g., BC mostly remains externally mixed) within a few hundred meters from the highway. Our analysis indicates that a superposition of volatility distributions measured in laboratory vehicle tests and of background aerosol can be used to represent the observed partitioning of near-road particles. The results from this study show that exposures and impacts of BC and semi-volatile organics-containing particles in a roadside microenvironment may differ across seasons and under changing ambient conditions. </jats:p> Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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| title |
Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| title_unstemmed |
Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| title_full |
Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| title_fullStr |
Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| title_short |
Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| title_sort |
downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a us interstate highway |
| topic |
Atmospheric Science |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2139-2018 |
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2018 |
| physical |
2139-2154 |
| description |
<jats:p>Abstract. We present spatial measurements of particle volatility and mixing state at a site near a North Carolina interstate highway (I-40) applying several heating (thermodenuder; TD) experimental approaches. Measurements were conducted in summer 2015 and winter 2016 in a roadside trailer (10 m from road edge) and during downwind transects at different distances from the highway under favorable wind conditions using a mobile platform. Results show that the relative abundance of semi-volatile species (SVOCs) in ultrafine particles decreases with downwind distance, which is consistent with the dilution and mixing of traffic-sourced particles with background air and evaporation of semi-volatile species during downwind transport. An evaporation kinetics model was used to derive particle volatility distributions by fitting TD data. While the TD-derived distribution apportions about 20–30 % of particle mass as semi-volatile (SVOCs; effective saturation concentration, C∗ ≥ 1µm−3) at 10 m from the road edge, approximately 10 % of particle mass is attributed to SVOCs at 220 m, showing that the particle-phase semi-volatile fraction decreases with downwind distance. The relative abundance of semi-volatile material in the particle phase increased during winter. Downwind spatial gradients of the less volatile particle fraction (that remaining after heating at 180 °C) were strongly correlated with black carbon (BC). BC size distribution and mixing state measured using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) at the roadside trailer showed that a large fraction (70–80 %) of BC particles were externally mixed. Heating experiments with a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (V-TDMA) also showed that the nonvolatile fraction in roadside aerosols is mostly externally mixed. V-TDMA measurements at different distances downwind from the highway indicate that the mixing state of roadside aerosols does not change significantly (e.g., BC mostly remains externally mixed) within a few hundred meters from the highway. Our analysis indicates that a superposition of volatility distributions measured in laboratory vehicle tests and of background aerosol can be used to represent the observed partitioning of near-road particles. The results from this study show that exposures and impacts of BC and semi-volatile organics-containing particles in a roadside microenvironment may differ across seasons and under changing ambient conditions.
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| description | <jats:p>Abstract. We present spatial measurements of particle volatility and mixing state at a site near a North Carolina interstate highway (I-40) applying several heating (thermodenuder; TD) experimental approaches. Measurements were conducted in summer 2015 and winter 2016 in a roadside trailer (10 m from road edge) and during downwind transects at different distances from the highway under favorable wind conditions using a mobile platform. Results show that the relative abundance of semi-volatile species (SVOCs) in ultrafine particles decreases with downwind distance, which is consistent with the dilution and mixing of traffic-sourced particles with background air and evaporation of semi-volatile species during downwind transport. An evaporation kinetics model was used to derive particle volatility distributions by fitting TD data. While the TD-derived distribution apportions about 20–30 % of particle mass as semi-volatile (SVOCs; effective saturation concentration, C∗ ≥ 1µm−3) at 10 m from the road edge, approximately 10 % of particle mass is attributed to SVOCs at 220 m, showing that the particle-phase semi-volatile fraction decreases with downwind distance. The relative abundance of semi-volatile material in the particle phase increased during winter. Downwind spatial gradients of the less volatile particle fraction (that remaining after heating at 180 °C) were strongly correlated with black carbon (BC). BC size distribution and mixing state measured using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) at the roadside trailer showed that a large fraction (70–80 %) of BC particles were externally mixed. Heating experiments with a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (V-TDMA) also showed that the nonvolatile fraction in roadside aerosols is mostly externally mixed. V-TDMA measurements at different distances downwind from the highway indicate that the mixing state of roadside aerosols does not change significantly (e.g., BC mostly remains externally mixed) within a few hundred meters from the highway. Our analysis indicates that a superposition of volatility distributions measured in laboratory vehicle tests and of background aerosol can be used to represent the observed partitioning of near-road particles. The results from this study show that exposures and impacts of BC and semi-volatile organics-containing particles in a roadside microenvironment may differ across seasons and under changing ambient conditions. </jats:p> |
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| spelling | Saha, Provat K. Khlystov, Andrey Grieshop, Andrew P. 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Atmospheric Science http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2139-2018 <jats:p>Abstract. We present spatial measurements of particle volatility and mixing state at a site near a North Carolina interstate highway (I-40) applying several heating (thermodenuder; TD) experimental approaches. Measurements were conducted in summer 2015 and winter 2016 in a roadside trailer (10 m from road edge) and during downwind transects at different distances from the highway under favorable wind conditions using a mobile platform. Results show that the relative abundance of semi-volatile species (SVOCs) in ultrafine particles decreases with downwind distance, which is consistent with the dilution and mixing of traffic-sourced particles with background air and evaporation of semi-volatile species during downwind transport. An evaporation kinetics model was used to derive particle volatility distributions by fitting TD data. While the TD-derived distribution apportions about 20–30 % of particle mass as semi-volatile (SVOCs; effective saturation concentration, C∗ ≥ 1µm−3) at 10 m from the road edge, approximately 10 % of particle mass is attributed to SVOCs at 220 m, showing that the particle-phase semi-volatile fraction decreases with downwind distance. The relative abundance of semi-volatile material in the particle phase increased during winter. Downwind spatial gradients of the less volatile particle fraction (that remaining after heating at 180 °C) were strongly correlated with black carbon (BC). BC size distribution and mixing state measured using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) at the roadside trailer showed that a large fraction (70–80 %) of BC particles were externally mixed. Heating experiments with a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (V-TDMA) also showed that the nonvolatile fraction in roadside aerosols is mostly externally mixed. V-TDMA measurements at different distances downwind from the highway indicate that the mixing state of roadside aerosols does not change significantly (e.g., BC mostly remains externally mixed) within a few hundred meters from the highway. Our analysis indicates that a superposition of volatility distributions measured in laboratory vehicle tests and of background aerosol can be used to represent the observed partitioning of near-road particles. The results from this study show that exposures and impacts of BC and semi-volatile organics-containing particles in a roadside microenvironment may differ across seasons and under changing ambient conditions. </jats:p> Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spellingShingle | Saha, Provat K., Khlystov, Andrey, Grieshop, Andrew P., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway, Atmospheric Science |
| title | Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| title_full | Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| title_fullStr | Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| title_short | Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| title_sort | downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a us interstate highway |
| title_unstemmed | Downwind evolution of the volatility and mixing state of near-road aerosols near a US interstate highway |
| topic | Atmospheric Science |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2139-2018 |