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The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis

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Zeitschriftentitel: The Astrophysical Journal
Personen und Körperschaften: Abdollahi, S., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Conrad, J., Costantin, D., Costanza, F., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., Palma, F. de, Desai, A., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Lalla, N. Di, Mauro, M. Di, Venere, L. Di, Donaggio, B., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giomi, M., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Horan, D., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Mura, G. La, Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sgrò, C., Simone, D., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, K., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Wood, K. S.
In: The Astrophysical Journal, 846, 2017, 1, S. 34
Format: E-Article
Sprache: Unbestimmt
veröffentlicht:
American Astronomical Society
Schlagwörter:
Space and Planetary Science
Astronomy and Astrophysics
author_facet Abdollahi, S.
Ackermann, M.
Ajello, M.
Albert, A.
Baldini, L.
Ballet, J.
Barbiellini, G.
Bastieri, D.
Becerra Gonzalez, J.
Bellazzini, R.
Bissaldi, E.
Blandford, R. D.
Bloom, E. D.
Bonino, R.
Bottacini, E.
Bregeon, J.
Bruel, P.
Buehler, R.
Buson, S.
Cameron, R. A.
Caragiulo, M.
Caraveo, P. A.
Cavazzuti, E.
Cecchi, C.
Chekhtman, A.
Cheung, C. C.
Chiaro, G.
Ciprini, S.
Conrad, J.
Costantin, D.
Costanza, F.
Cutini, S.
D’Ammando, F.
Palma, F. de
Desai, A.
Desiante, R.
Digel, S. W.
Lalla, N. Di
Mauro, M. Di
Venere, L. Di
Donaggio, B.
Drell, P. S.
Favuzzi, C.
Fegan, S. J.
Ferrara, E. C.
Focke, W. B.
Franckowiak, A.
Fukazawa, Y.
Funk, S.
Fusco, P.
Gargano, F.
Gasparrini, D.
Giglietto, N.
Giomi, M.
Giordano, F.
Giroletti, M.
Glanzman, T.
Green, D.
Grenier, I. A.
Grove, J. E.
Guillemot, L.
Guiriec, S.
Hays, E.
Horan, D.
Jogler, T.
Jóhannesson, G.
Johnson, A. S.
Kocevski, D.
Kuss, M.
Mura, G. La
Larsson, S.
Latronico, L.
Li, J.
Longo, F.
Loparco, F.
Lovellette, M. N.
Lubrano, P.
Magill, J. D.
Maldera, S.
Manfreda, A.
Mayer, M.
Mazziotta, M. N.
Michelson, P. F.
Mitthumsiri, W.
Mizuno, T.
Monzani, M. E.
Morselli, A.
Moskalenko, I. V.
Negro, M.
Nuss, E.
Ohsugi, T.
Omodei, N.
Orienti, M.
Orlando, E.
Paliya, V. S.
Paneque, D.
Perkins, J. S.
Persic, M.
Pesce-Rollins, M.
Petrosian, V.
Piron, F.
Porter, T. A.
Principe, G.
Rainò, S.
Rando, R.
Razzano, M.
Razzaque, S.
Reimer, A.
Reimer, O.
Sgrò, C.
Simone, D.
Siskind, E. J.
Spada, F.
Spandre, G.
Spinelli, P.
Stawarz, L.
Suson, D. J.
Takahashi, M.
Tanaka, K.
Thayer, J. B.
Thompson, D. J.
Torres, D. F.
Torresi, E.
Tosti, G.
Troja, E.
Vianello, G.
Wood, K. S.
Abdollahi, S.
Ackermann, M.
Ajello, M.
Albert, A.
Baldini, L.
Ballet, J.
Barbiellini, G.
Bastieri, D.
Becerra Gonzalez, J.
Bellazzini, R.
Bissaldi, E.
Blandford, R. D.
Bloom, E. D.
Bonino, R.
Bottacini, E.
Bregeon, J.
Bruel, P.
Buehler, R.
Buson, S.
Cameron, R. A.
Caragiulo, M.
Caraveo, P. A.
Cavazzuti, E.
Cecchi, C.
Chekhtman, A.
Cheung, C. C.
Chiaro, G.
Ciprini, S.
Conrad, J.
Costantin, D.
Costanza, F.
Cutini, S.
D’Ammando, F.
Palma, F. de
Desai, A.
Desiante, R.
Digel, S. W.
Lalla, N. Di
Mauro, M. Di
Venere, L. Di
Donaggio, B.
Drell, P. S.
Favuzzi, C.
Fegan, S. J.
Ferrara, E. C.
Focke, W. B.
Franckowiak, A.
Fukazawa, Y.
Funk, S.
Fusco, P.
Gargano, F.
Gasparrini, D.
Giglietto, N.
Giomi, M.
Giordano, F.
Giroletti, M.
Glanzman, T.
Green, D.
Grenier, I. A.
Grove, J. E.
Guillemot, L.
Guiriec, S.
Hays, E.
Horan, D.
Jogler, T.
Jóhannesson, G.
Johnson, A. S.
Kocevski, D.
Kuss, M.
Mura, G. La
Larsson, S.
Latronico, L.
Li, J.
Longo, F.
Loparco, F.
Lovellette, M. N.
Lubrano, P.
Magill, J. D.
Maldera, S.
Manfreda, A.
Mayer, M.
Mazziotta, M. N.
Michelson, P. F.
Mitthumsiri, W.
Mizuno, T.
Monzani, M. E.
Morselli, A.
Moskalenko, I. V.
Negro, M.
Nuss, E.
Ohsugi, T.
Omodei, N.
Orienti, M.
Orlando, E.
Paliya, V. S.
Paneque, D.
Perkins, J. S.
Persic, M.
Pesce-Rollins, M.
Petrosian, V.
Piron, F.
Porter, T. A.
Principe, G.
Rainò, S.
Rando, R.
Razzano, M.
Razzaque, S.
Reimer, A.
Reimer, O.
Sgrò, C.
Simone, D.
Siskind, E. J.
Spada, F.
Spandre, G.
Spinelli, P.
Stawarz, L.
Suson, D. J.
Takahashi, M.
Tanaka, K.
Thayer, J. B.
Thompson, D. J.
Torres, D. F.
Torresi, E.
Tosti, G.
Troja, E.
Vianello, G.
Wood, K. S.
author Abdollahi, S.
Ackermann, M.
Ajello, M.
Albert, A.
Baldini, L.
Ballet, J.
Barbiellini, G.
Bastieri, D.
Becerra Gonzalez, J.
Bellazzini, R.
Bissaldi, E.
Blandford, R. D.
Bloom, E. D.
Bonino, R.
Bottacini, E.
Bregeon, J.
Bruel, P.
Buehler, R.
Buson, S.
Cameron, R. A.
Caragiulo, M.
Caraveo, P. A.
Cavazzuti, E.
Cecchi, C.
Chekhtman, A.
Cheung, C. C.
Chiaro, G.
Ciprini, S.
Conrad, J.
Costantin, D.
Costanza, F.
Cutini, S.
D’Ammando, F.
Palma, F. de
Desai, A.
Desiante, R.
Digel, S. W.
Lalla, N. Di
Mauro, M. Di
Venere, L. Di
Donaggio, B.
Drell, P. S.
Favuzzi, C.
Fegan, S. J.
Ferrara, E. C.
Focke, W. B.
Franckowiak, A.
Fukazawa, Y.
Funk, S.
Fusco, P.
Gargano, F.
Gasparrini, D.
Giglietto, N.
Giomi, M.
Giordano, F.
Giroletti, M.
Glanzman, T.
Green, D.
Grenier, I. A.
Grove, J. E.
Guillemot, L.
Guiriec, S.
Hays, E.
Horan, D.
Jogler, T.
Jóhannesson, G.
Johnson, A. S.
Kocevski, D.
Kuss, M.
Mura, G. La
Larsson, S.
Latronico, L.
Li, J.
Longo, F.
Loparco, F.
Lovellette, M. N.
Lubrano, P.
Magill, J. D.
Maldera, S.
Manfreda, A.
Mayer, M.
Mazziotta, M. N.
Michelson, P. F.
Mitthumsiri, W.
Mizuno, T.
Monzani, M. E.
Morselli, A.
Moskalenko, I. V.
Negro, M.
Nuss, E.
Ohsugi, T.
Omodei, N.
Orienti, M.
Orlando, E.
Paliya, V. S.
Paneque, D.
Perkins, J. S.
Persic, M.
Pesce-Rollins, M.
Petrosian, V.
Piron, F.
Porter, T. A.
Principe, G.
Rainò, S.
Rando, R.
Razzano, M.
Razzaque, S.
Reimer, A.
Reimer, O.
Sgrò, C.
Simone, D.
Siskind, E. J.
Spada, F.
Spandre, G.
Spinelli, P.
Stawarz, L.
Suson, D. J.
Takahashi, M.
Tanaka, K.
Thayer, J. B.
Thompson, D. J.
Torres, D. F.
Torresi, E.
Tosti, G.
Troja, E.
Vianello, G.
Wood, K. S.
spellingShingle Abdollahi, S.
Ackermann, M.
Ajello, M.
Albert, A.
Baldini, L.
Ballet, J.
Barbiellini, G.
Bastieri, D.
Becerra Gonzalez, J.
Bellazzini, R.
Bissaldi, E.
Blandford, R. D.
Bloom, E. D.
Bonino, R.
Bottacini, E.
Bregeon, J.
Bruel, P.
Buehler, R.
Buson, S.
Cameron, R. A.
Caragiulo, M.
Caraveo, P. A.
Cavazzuti, E.
Cecchi, C.
Chekhtman, A.
Cheung, C. C.
Chiaro, G.
Ciprini, S.
Conrad, J.
Costantin, D.
Costanza, F.
Cutini, S.
D’Ammando, F.
Palma, F. de
Desai, A.
Desiante, R.
Digel, S. W.
Lalla, N. Di
Mauro, M. Di
Venere, L. Di
Donaggio, B.
Drell, P. S.
Favuzzi, C.
Fegan, S. J.
Ferrara, E. C.
Focke, W. B.
Franckowiak, A.
Fukazawa, Y.
Funk, S.
Fusco, P.
Gargano, F.
Gasparrini, D.
Giglietto, N.
Giomi, M.
Giordano, F.
Giroletti, M.
Glanzman, T.
Green, D.
Grenier, I. A.
Grove, J. E.
Guillemot, L.
Guiriec, S.
Hays, E.
Horan, D.
Jogler, T.
Jóhannesson, G.
Johnson, A. S.
Kocevski, D.
Kuss, M.
Mura, G. La
Larsson, S.
Latronico, L.
Li, J.
Longo, F.
Loparco, F.
Lovellette, M. N.
Lubrano, P.
Magill, J. D.
Maldera, S.
Manfreda, A.
Mayer, M.
Mazziotta, M. N.
Michelson, P. F.
Mitthumsiri, W.
Mizuno, T.
Monzani, M. E.
Morselli, A.
Moskalenko, I. V.
Negro, M.
Nuss, E.
Ohsugi, T.
Omodei, N.
Orienti, M.
Orlando, E.
Paliya, V. S.
Paneque, D.
Perkins, J. S.
Persic, M.
Pesce-Rollins, M.
Petrosian, V.
Piron, F.
Porter, T. A.
Principe, G.
Rainò, S.
Rando, R.
Razzano, M.
Razzaque, S.
Reimer, A.
Reimer, O.
Sgrò, C.
Simone, D.
Siskind, E. J.
Spada, F.
Spandre, G.
Spinelli, P.
Stawarz, L.
Suson, D. J.
Takahashi, M.
Tanaka, K.
Thayer, J. B.
Thompson, D. J.
Torres, D. F.
Torresi, E.
Tosti, G.
Troja, E.
Vianello, G.
Wood, K. S.
The Astrophysical Journal
The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
Space and Planetary Science
Astronomy and Astrophysics
author_sort abdollahi, s.
spelling Abdollahi, S. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Becerra Gonzalez, J. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Cameron, R. A. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Conrad, J. Costantin, D. Costanza, F. Cutini, S. D’Ammando, F. Palma, F. de Desai, A. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. Lalla, N. Di Mauro, M. Di Venere, L. Di Donaggio, B. Drell, P. S. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giomi, M. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Green, D. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hays, E. Horan, D. Jogler, T. Jóhannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Mura, G. La Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Li, J. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Magill, J. D. Maldera, S. Manfreda, A. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Negro, M. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Paliya, V. S. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Principe, G. Rainò, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Sgrò, C. Simone, D. Siskind, E. J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, L. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, M. Tanaka, K. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Torres, D. F. Torresi, E. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Vianello, G. Wood, K. S. 0004-637X 1538-4357 American Astronomical Society Space and Planetary Science Astronomy and Astrophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8092 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We present the second catalog of flaring gamma-ray sources (2FAV) detected with the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA), a tool that blindly searches for transients over the entire sky observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the <jats:italic>Fermi</jats:italic> Gamma-ray Space Telescope. With respect to the first FAVA catalog, this catalog benefits from a larger data set, the latest LAT data release (Pass 8), as well as from an improved analysis that includes likelihood techniques for a more precise localization of the transients. Applying this analysis to the first 7.4 years of <jats:italic>Fermi</jats:italic> observations, and in two separate energy bands 0.1–0.8 GeV and 0.8–300 GeV, a total of 4547 flares were detected with significance greater than <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math> <?CDATA $6\sigma $?> </jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="apjaa8092ieqn1.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> (before trials), on the timescale of one week. Through spatial clustering of these flares, 518 variable gamma-ray sources were identified. Based on positional coincidence, likely counterparts have been found for 441 sources, mostly among the blazar class of active galactic nuclei. For 77 2FAV sources, no likely gamma-ray counterpart has been found. For each source in the catalog, we provide the time, location, and spectrum of each flaring episode. Studying the spectra of the flares, we observe a harder-when-brighter behavior for flares associated with blazars, with the exception of BL Lac flares detected in the low-energy band. The photon indexes of the flares are never significantly smaller than 1.5. For a leptonic model, and under the assumption of isotropy, this limit suggests that the spectrum of freshly accelerated electrons is never harder than <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math> <?CDATA $p\sim 2$?> </jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="apjaa8092ieqn2.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>.</jats:p> The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis The Astrophysical Journal
doi_str_mv 10.3847/1538-4357/aa8092
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publisher American Astronomical Society
recordtype ai
record_format ai
series The Astrophysical Journal
source_id 49
title The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
title_unstemmed The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
title_full The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
title_fullStr The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
title_full_unstemmed The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
title_short The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
title_sort the second catalog of flaring gamma-ray sources from the fermi all-sky variability analysis
topic Space and Planetary Science
Astronomy and Astrophysics
url http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8092
publishDate 2017
physical 34
description <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We present the second catalog of flaring gamma-ray sources (2FAV) detected with the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA), a tool that blindly searches for transients over the entire sky observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the <jats:italic>Fermi</jats:italic> Gamma-ray Space Telescope. With respect to the first FAVA catalog, this catalog benefits from a larger data set, the latest LAT data release (Pass 8), as well as from an improved analysis that includes likelihood techniques for a more precise localization of the transients. Applying this analysis to the first 7.4 years of <jats:italic>Fermi</jats:italic> observations, and in two separate energy bands 0.1–0.8 GeV and 0.8–300 GeV, a total of 4547 flares were detected with significance greater than <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math> <?CDATA $6\sigma $?> </jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="apjaa8092ieqn1.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> (before trials), on the timescale of one week. Through spatial clustering of these flares, 518 variable gamma-ray sources were identified. Based on positional coincidence, likely counterparts have been found for 441 sources, mostly among the blazar class of active galactic nuclei. For 77 2FAV sources, no likely gamma-ray counterpart has been found. For each source in the catalog, we provide the time, location, and spectrum of each flaring episode. Studying the spectra of the flares, we observe a harder-when-brighter behavior for flares associated with blazars, with the exception of BL Lac flares detected in the low-energy band. The photon indexes of the flares are never significantly smaller than 1.5. For a leptonic model, and under the assumption of isotropy, this limit suggests that the spectrum of freshly accelerated electrons is never harder than <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math> <?CDATA $p\sim 2$?> </jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="apjaa8092ieqn2.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>.</jats:p>
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author Abdollahi, S., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Conrad, J., Costantin, D., Costanza, F., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., Palma, F. de, Desai, A., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Lalla, N. Di, Mauro, M. Di, Venere, L. Di, Donaggio, B., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giomi, M., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Horan, D., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Mura, G. La, Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sgrò, C., Simone, D., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, K., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Wood, K. S.
author_facet Abdollahi, S., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Conrad, J., Costantin, D., Costanza, F., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., Palma, F. de, Desai, A., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Lalla, N. Di, Mauro, M. Di, Venere, L. Di, Donaggio, B., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giomi, M., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Horan, D., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Mura, G. La, Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sgrò, C., Simone, D., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, K., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Wood, K. S., Abdollahi, S., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Conrad, J., Costantin, D., Costanza, F., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., Palma, F. de, Desai, A., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Lalla, N. Di, Mauro, M. Di, Venere, L. Di, Donaggio, B., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giomi, M., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Horan, D., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Mura, G. La, Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sgrò, C., Simone, D., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, K., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Wood, K. S.
author_sort abdollahi, s.
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container_title The Astrophysical Journal
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description <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We present the second catalog of flaring gamma-ray sources (2FAV) detected with the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA), a tool that blindly searches for transients over the entire sky observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the <jats:italic>Fermi</jats:italic> Gamma-ray Space Telescope. With respect to the first FAVA catalog, this catalog benefits from a larger data set, the latest LAT data release (Pass 8), as well as from an improved analysis that includes likelihood techniques for a more precise localization of the transients. Applying this analysis to the first 7.4 years of <jats:italic>Fermi</jats:italic> observations, and in two separate energy bands 0.1–0.8 GeV and 0.8–300 GeV, a total of 4547 flares were detected with significance greater than <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math> <?CDATA $6\sigma $?> </jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="apjaa8092ieqn1.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> (before trials), on the timescale of one week. Through spatial clustering of these flares, 518 variable gamma-ray sources were identified. Based on positional coincidence, likely counterparts have been found for 441 sources, mostly among the blazar class of active galactic nuclei. For 77 2FAV sources, no likely gamma-ray counterpart has been found. For each source in the catalog, we provide the time, location, and spectrum of each flaring episode. Studying the spectra of the flares, we observe a harder-when-brighter behavior for flares associated with blazars, with the exception of BL Lac flares detected in the low-energy band. The photon indexes of the flares are never significantly smaller than 1.5. For a leptonic model, and under the assumption of isotropy, this limit suggests that the spectrum of freshly accelerated electrons is never harder than <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math> <?CDATA $p\sim 2$?> </jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="apjaa8092ieqn2.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>.</jats:p>
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id ai-49-aHR0cDovL2R4LmRvaS5vcmcvMTAuMzg0Ny8xNTM4LTQzNTcvYWE4MDky
imprint American Astronomical Society, 2017
imprint_str_mv American Astronomical Society, 2017
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spelling Abdollahi, S. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Becerra Gonzalez, J. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Buson, S. Cameron, R. A. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P. A. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C. C. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Conrad, J. Costantin, D. Costanza, F. Cutini, S. D’Ammando, F. Palma, F. de Desai, A. Desiante, R. Digel, S. W. Lalla, N. Di Mauro, M. Di Venere, L. Di Donaggio, B. Drell, P. S. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Ferrara, E. C. Focke, W. B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giomi, M. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Green, D. Grenier, I. A. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hays, E. Horan, D. Jogler, T. Jóhannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Mura, G. La Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Li, J. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Magill, J. D. Maldera, S. Manfreda, A. Mayer, M. Mazziotta, M. N. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Negro, M. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Paliya, V. S. Paneque, D. Perkins, J. S. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Principe, G. Rainò, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Sgrò, C. Simone, D. Siskind, E. J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stawarz, L. Suson, D. J. Takahashi, M. Tanaka, K. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Torres, D. F. Torresi, E. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Vianello, G. Wood, K. S. 0004-637X 1538-4357 American Astronomical Society Space and Planetary Science Astronomy and Astrophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8092 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We present the second catalog of flaring gamma-ray sources (2FAV) detected with the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis (FAVA), a tool that blindly searches for transients over the entire sky observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the <jats:italic>Fermi</jats:italic> Gamma-ray Space Telescope. With respect to the first FAVA catalog, this catalog benefits from a larger data set, the latest LAT data release (Pass 8), as well as from an improved analysis that includes likelihood techniques for a more precise localization of the transients. Applying this analysis to the first 7.4 years of <jats:italic>Fermi</jats:italic> observations, and in two separate energy bands 0.1–0.8 GeV and 0.8–300 GeV, a total of 4547 flares were detected with significance greater than <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math> <?CDATA $6\sigma $?> </jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="apjaa8092ieqn1.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula> (before trials), on the timescale of one week. Through spatial clustering of these flares, 518 variable gamma-ray sources were identified. Based on positional coincidence, likely counterparts have been found for 441 sources, mostly among the blazar class of active galactic nuclei. For 77 2FAV sources, no likely gamma-ray counterpart has been found. For each source in the catalog, we provide the time, location, and spectrum of each flaring episode. Studying the spectra of the flares, we observe a harder-when-brighter behavior for flares associated with blazars, with the exception of BL Lac flares detected in the low-energy band. The photon indexes of the flares are never significantly smaller than 1.5. For a leptonic model, and under the assumption of isotropy, this limit suggests that the spectrum of freshly accelerated electrons is never harder than <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math> <?CDATA $p\sim 2$?> </jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="apjaa8092ieqn2.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>.</jats:p> The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis The Astrophysical Journal
spellingShingle Abdollahi, S., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Conrad, J., Costantin, D., Costanza, F., Cutini, S., D’Ammando, F., Palma, F. de, Desai, A., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Lalla, N. Di, Mauro, M. Di, Venere, L. Di, Donaggio, B., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giomi, M., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Hays, E., Horan, D., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Mura, G. La, Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Magill, J. D., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Persic, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Porter, T. A., Principe, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sgrò, C., Simone, D., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, K., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Torres, D. F., Torresi, E., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Wood, K. S., The Astrophysical Journal, The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
title The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
title_full The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
title_fullStr The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
title_full_unstemmed The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
title_short The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
title_sort the second catalog of flaring gamma-ray sources from the fermi all-sky variability analysis
title_unstemmed The Second Catalog of Flaring Gamma-Ray Sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis
topic Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
url http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8092