author_facet Kim, Jinhyung
Ryu, Sang Baek
Lee, Sung Eun
Shin, Jaewoo
Jung, Hyun Ho
Kim, Sung June
Kim, Kyung Hwan
Chang, Jin Woo
Kim, Jinhyung
Ryu, Sang Baek
Lee, Sung Eun
Shin, Jaewoo
Jung, Hyun Ho
Kim, Sung June
Kim, Kyung Hwan
Chang, Jin Woo
author Kim, Jinhyung
Ryu, Sang Baek
Lee, Sung Eun
Shin, Jaewoo
Jung, Hyun Ho
Kim, Sung June
Kim, Kyung Hwan
Chang, Jin Woo
spellingShingle Kim, Jinhyung
Ryu, Sang Baek
Lee, Sung Eun
Shin, Jaewoo
Jung, Hyun Ho
Kim, Sung June
Kim, Kyung Hwan
Chang, Jin Woo
Journal of Neurosurgery
Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
General Medicine
author_sort kim, jinhyung
spelling Kim, Jinhyung Ryu, Sang Baek Lee, Sung Eun Shin, Jaewoo Jung, Hyun Ho Kim, Sung June Kim, Kyung Hwan Chang, Jin Woo 0022-3085 1933-0693 Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG) General Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.1.jns14891 <jats:sec> <jats:title>OBJECT</jats:title> <jats:p>Neuropathic pain is often severe. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is used for alleviating neuropathic pain, but the mechanism of action is still unclear. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of action of MCS by investigating pain-signaling pathways, with the expectation that MCS would regulate both descending and ascending pathways.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>METHODS</jats:title> <jats:p>Neuropathic pain was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. Surface electrodes for MCS were implanted in the rats. Tactile allodynia was measured by behavioral testing to determine the effect of MCS. For the pathway study, immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate changes in c-fos and serotonin expression; micro-positron emission tomography (mPET) scanning was performed to investigate changes of glucose uptake; and extracellular electrophysiological recordings were performed to demonstrate brain activity.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title> <jats:p>MCS was found to modulate c-fos and serotonin expression. In the mPET study, altered brain activity was observed in the striatum, thalamic area, and cerebellum. In the electrophysiological study, neuronal activity was increased by mechanical stimulation and suppressed by MCS. After elimination of artifacts, neuronal activity was demonstrated in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) during electrical stimulation. This neuronal activity was effectively suppressed by MCS.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS</jats:title> <jats:p>This study demonstrated that MCS effectively attenuated neuropathic pain. MCS modulated ascending and descending pain pathways. It regulated neuropathic pain by affecting the striatum, periaqueductal gray, cerebellum, and thalamic area, which are thought to regulate the descending pathway. MCS also appeared to suppress activation of the VPL, which is part of the ascending pathway.</jats:p></jats:sec> Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways? Journal of Neurosurgery
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recordtype ai
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source_id 49
title Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_unstemmed Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_full Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_fullStr Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_full_unstemmed Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_short Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_sort motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
topic General Medicine
url http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.1.jns14891
publishDate 2016
physical 866-876
description <jats:sec> <jats:title>OBJECT</jats:title> <jats:p>Neuropathic pain is often severe. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is used for alleviating neuropathic pain, but the mechanism of action is still unclear. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of action of MCS by investigating pain-signaling pathways, with the expectation that MCS would regulate both descending and ascending pathways.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>METHODS</jats:title> <jats:p>Neuropathic pain was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. Surface electrodes for MCS were implanted in the rats. Tactile allodynia was measured by behavioral testing to determine the effect of MCS. For the pathway study, immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate changes in c-fos and serotonin expression; micro-positron emission tomography (mPET) scanning was performed to investigate changes of glucose uptake; and extracellular electrophysiological recordings were performed to demonstrate brain activity.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title> <jats:p>MCS was found to modulate c-fos and serotonin expression. In the mPET study, altered brain activity was observed in the striatum, thalamic area, and cerebellum. In the electrophysiological study, neuronal activity was increased by mechanical stimulation and suppressed by MCS. After elimination of artifacts, neuronal activity was demonstrated in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) during electrical stimulation. This neuronal activity was effectively suppressed by MCS.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS</jats:title> <jats:p>This study demonstrated that MCS effectively attenuated neuropathic pain. MCS modulated ascending and descending pain pathways. It regulated neuropathic pain by affecting the striatum, periaqueductal gray, cerebellum, and thalamic area, which are thought to regulate the descending pathway. MCS also appeared to suppress activation of the VPL, which is part of the ascending pathway.</jats:p></jats:sec>
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author Kim, Jinhyung, Ryu, Sang Baek, Lee, Sung Eun, Shin, Jaewoo, Jung, Hyun Ho, Kim, Sung June, Kim, Kyung Hwan, Chang, Jin Woo
author_facet Kim, Jinhyung, Ryu, Sang Baek, Lee, Sung Eun, Shin, Jaewoo, Jung, Hyun Ho, Kim, Sung June, Kim, Kyung Hwan, Chang, Jin Woo, Kim, Jinhyung, Ryu, Sang Baek, Lee, Sung Eun, Shin, Jaewoo, Jung, Hyun Ho, Kim, Sung June, Kim, Kyung Hwan, Chang, Jin Woo
author_sort kim, jinhyung
container_issue 3
container_start_page 866
container_title Journal of Neurosurgery
container_volume 124
description <jats:sec> <jats:title>OBJECT</jats:title> <jats:p>Neuropathic pain is often severe. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is used for alleviating neuropathic pain, but the mechanism of action is still unclear. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of action of MCS by investigating pain-signaling pathways, with the expectation that MCS would regulate both descending and ascending pathways.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>METHODS</jats:title> <jats:p>Neuropathic pain was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. Surface electrodes for MCS were implanted in the rats. Tactile allodynia was measured by behavioral testing to determine the effect of MCS. For the pathway study, immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate changes in c-fos and serotonin expression; micro-positron emission tomography (mPET) scanning was performed to investigate changes of glucose uptake; and extracellular electrophysiological recordings were performed to demonstrate brain activity.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title> <jats:p>MCS was found to modulate c-fos and serotonin expression. In the mPET study, altered brain activity was observed in the striatum, thalamic area, and cerebellum. In the electrophysiological study, neuronal activity was increased by mechanical stimulation and suppressed by MCS. After elimination of artifacts, neuronal activity was demonstrated in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) during electrical stimulation. This neuronal activity was effectively suppressed by MCS.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS</jats:title> <jats:p>This study demonstrated that MCS effectively attenuated neuropathic pain. MCS modulated ascending and descending pain pathways. It regulated neuropathic pain by affecting the striatum, periaqueductal gray, cerebellum, and thalamic area, which are thought to regulate the descending pathway. MCS also appeared to suppress activation of the VPL, which is part of the ascending pathway.</jats:p></jats:sec>
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spelling Kim, Jinhyung Ryu, Sang Baek Lee, Sung Eun Shin, Jaewoo Jung, Hyun Ho Kim, Sung June Kim, Kyung Hwan Chang, Jin Woo 0022-3085 1933-0693 Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG) General Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.1.jns14891 <jats:sec> <jats:title>OBJECT</jats:title> <jats:p>Neuropathic pain is often severe. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is used for alleviating neuropathic pain, but the mechanism of action is still unclear. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of action of MCS by investigating pain-signaling pathways, with the expectation that MCS would regulate both descending and ascending pathways.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>METHODS</jats:title> <jats:p>Neuropathic pain was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. Surface electrodes for MCS were implanted in the rats. Tactile allodynia was measured by behavioral testing to determine the effect of MCS. For the pathway study, immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate changes in c-fos and serotonin expression; micro-positron emission tomography (mPET) scanning was performed to investigate changes of glucose uptake; and extracellular electrophysiological recordings were performed to demonstrate brain activity.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title> <jats:p>MCS was found to modulate c-fos and serotonin expression. In the mPET study, altered brain activity was observed in the striatum, thalamic area, and cerebellum. In the electrophysiological study, neuronal activity was increased by mechanical stimulation and suppressed by MCS. After elimination of artifacts, neuronal activity was demonstrated in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) during electrical stimulation. This neuronal activity was effectively suppressed by MCS.</jats:p></jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS</jats:title> <jats:p>This study demonstrated that MCS effectively attenuated neuropathic pain. MCS modulated ascending and descending pain pathways. It regulated neuropathic pain by affecting the striatum, periaqueductal gray, cerebellum, and thalamic area, which are thought to regulate the descending pathway. MCS also appeared to suppress activation of the VPL, which is part of the ascending pathway.</jats:p></jats:sec> Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways? Journal of Neurosurgery
spellingShingle Kim, Jinhyung, Ryu, Sang Baek, Lee, Sung Eun, Shin, Jaewoo, Jung, Hyun Ho, Kim, Sung June, Kim, Kyung Hwan, Chang, Jin Woo, Journal of Neurosurgery, Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?, General Medicine
title Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_full Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_fullStr Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_full_unstemmed Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_short Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_sort motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
title_unstemmed Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic pain: how does motor cortex stimulation affect pain-signaling pathways?
topic General Medicine
url http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.1.jns14891