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Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Agronomy Journal |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , |
| In: | Agronomy Journal, 109, 2017, 6, S. 2689-2699 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Wiley
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Mueller, Sarah M. Camberato, James J. Messina, Charlie Shanahan, John Zhang, Hao Vyn, Tony J. Mueller, Sarah M. Camberato, James J. Messina, Charlie Shanahan, John Zhang, Hao Vyn, Tony J. |
|---|---|
| author |
Mueller, Sarah M. Camberato, James J. Messina, Charlie Shanahan, John Zhang, Hao Vyn, Tony J. |
| spellingShingle |
Mueller, Sarah M. Camberato, James J. Messina, Charlie Shanahan, John Zhang, Hao Vyn, Tony J. Agronomy Journal Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates Agronomy and Crop Science |
| author_sort |
mueller, sarah m. |
| spelling |
Mueller, Sarah M. Camberato, James J. Messina, Charlie Shanahan, John Zhang, Hao Vyn, Tony J. 0002-1962 1435-0645 Wiley Agronomy and Crop Science http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.05.0282 <jats:sec><jats:title>Core Ideas</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type="bullet"> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Late‐split N applications at V12 increased total N uptake and N recovery efficiency.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Gains in N recovery with late‐split N came from increased post‐silking N uptake.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Increased whole‐plant N accumulation by R6 did not result in increased grain yields.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Grain yield was not sensitive to in‐season N timing in this single‐location study.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Newer (2012, 2014) and older (1993, 1995) hybrids respond similarly to late‐split N.</jats:p></jats:list-item> </jats:list></jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label /><jats:p>Theoretically, N losses are reduced by synchronizing fertilizer additions with plant uptake requirements. We investigated the impacts of supplemental, late‐season N applications on nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency (NRE), and N accumulation and partitioning in maize (<jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> L.) at silking (R1) and physiological maturity (R6). Also tested was whether modern hybrids responded differently to split‐N applications compared to hybrids released 20 yr ago. We compared 3 to 4 N rates ranging from 0 to 245 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> applied either in a single application at V3, or split with the last 45 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> delayed until V12, over 3 yr. Two newer hybrids (2012 and 2014) and two 1990 era hybrids (1991 and 1995) were compared at all N treatment combinations. Additional plant N accumulation following late‐split N applications was already apparent at R1, particularly in stems. Late‐split N application increased both whole‐plant R6 N accumulation and NRE through higher post‐silking N uptake. However, these benefits were rarely accompanied by increased grain yields. We found little evidence of differential hybrid responses to N rate or timing treatments. Principal component analysis revealed that the most consistent predictor of high post‐silking N uptake was lower N remobilization during grain‐fill; these had a strong inverse relationship. Therefore, gains from N management programs aiming to increase post‐silking N uptake are most likely in environments where whole‐plant N accumulation at R1 (and, consequently, potential N remobilization) is reduced. Further studies of late‐split N approaches are most warranted at lower total‐season N rates.</jats:p></jats:sec> Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates Agronomy Journal |
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10.2134/agronj2017.05.0282 |
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| title |
Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| title_unstemmed |
Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| title_full |
Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| title_fullStr |
Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| title_short |
Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| title_sort |
late‐split nitrogen applications increased maize plant nitrogen recovery but not yield under moderate to high nitrogen rates |
| topic |
Agronomy and Crop Science |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.05.0282 |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| physical |
2689-2699 |
| description |
<jats:sec><jats:title>Core Ideas</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type="bullet">
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Late‐split N applications at V12 increased total N uptake and N recovery efficiency.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Gains in N recovery with late‐split N came from increased post‐silking N uptake.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Increased whole‐plant N accumulation by R6 did not result in increased grain yields.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Grain yield was not sensitive to in‐season N timing in this single‐location study.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Newer (2012, 2014) and older (1993, 1995) hybrids respond similarly to late‐split N.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
</jats:list></jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label /><jats:p>Theoretically, N losses are reduced by synchronizing fertilizer additions with plant uptake requirements. We investigated the impacts of supplemental, late‐season N applications on nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency (NRE), and N accumulation and partitioning in maize (<jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> L.) at silking (R1) and physiological maturity (R6). Also tested was whether modern hybrids responded differently to split‐N applications compared to hybrids released 20 yr ago. We compared 3 to 4 N rates ranging from 0 to 245 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> applied either in a single application at V3, or split with the last 45 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> delayed until V12, over 3 yr. Two newer hybrids (2012 and 2014) and two 1990 era hybrids (1991 and 1995) were compared at all N treatment combinations. Additional plant N accumulation following late‐split N applications was already apparent at R1, particularly in stems. Late‐split N application increased both whole‐plant R6 N accumulation and NRE through higher post‐silking N uptake. However, these benefits were rarely accompanied by increased grain yields. We found little evidence of differential hybrid responses to N rate or timing treatments. Principal component analysis revealed that the most consistent predictor of high post‐silking N uptake was lower N remobilization during grain‐fill; these had a strong inverse relationship. Therefore, gains from N management programs aiming to increase post‐silking N uptake are most likely in environments where whole‐plant N accumulation at R1 (and, consequently, potential N remobilization) is reduced. Further studies of late‐split N approaches are most warranted at lower total‐season N rates.</jats:p></jats:sec> |
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| author | Mueller, Sarah M., Camberato, James J., Messina, Charlie, Shanahan, John, Zhang, Hao, Vyn, Tony J. |
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| description | <jats:sec><jats:title>Core Ideas</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type="bullet"> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Late‐split N applications at V12 increased total N uptake and N recovery efficiency.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Gains in N recovery with late‐split N came from increased post‐silking N uptake.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Increased whole‐plant N accumulation by R6 did not result in increased grain yields.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Grain yield was not sensitive to in‐season N timing in this single‐location study.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Newer (2012, 2014) and older (1993, 1995) hybrids respond similarly to late‐split N.</jats:p></jats:list-item> </jats:list></jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label /><jats:p>Theoretically, N losses are reduced by synchronizing fertilizer additions with plant uptake requirements. We investigated the impacts of supplemental, late‐season N applications on nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency (NRE), and N accumulation and partitioning in maize (<jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> L.) at silking (R1) and physiological maturity (R6). Also tested was whether modern hybrids responded differently to split‐N applications compared to hybrids released 20 yr ago. We compared 3 to 4 N rates ranging from 0 to 245 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> applied either in a single application at V3, or split with the last 45 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> delayed until V12, over 3 yr. Two newer hybrids (2012 and 2014) and two 1990 era hybrids (1991 and 1995) were compared at all N treatment combinations. Additional plant N accumulation following late‐split N applications was already apparent at R1, particularly in stems. Late‐split N application increased both whole‐plant R6 N accumulation and NRE through higher post‐silking N uptake. However, these benefits were rarely accompanied by increased grain yields. We found little evidence of differential hybrid responses to N rate or timing treatments. Principal component analysis revealed that the most consistent predictor of high post‐silking N uptake was lower N remobilization during grain‐fill; these had a strong inverse relationship. Therefore, gains from N management programs aiming to increase post‐silking N uptake are most likely in environments where whole‐plant N accumulation at R1 (and, consequently, potential N remobilization) is reduced. Further studies of late‐split N approaches are most warranted at lower total‐season N rates.</jats:p></jats:sec> |
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| spelling | Mueller, Sarah M. Camberato, James J. Messina, Charlie Shanahan, John Zhang, Hao Vyn, Tony J. 0002-1962 1435-0645 Wiley Agronomy and Crop Science http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.05.0282 <jats:sec><jats:title>Core Ideas</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type="bullet"> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Late‐split N applications at V12 increased total N uptake and N recovery efficiency.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Gains in N recovery with late‐split N came from increased post‐silking N uptake.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Increased whole‐plant N accumulation by R6 did not result in increased grain yields.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Grain yield was not sensitive to in‐season N timing in this single‐location study.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Newer (2012, 2014) and older (1993, 1995) hybrids respond similarly to late‐split N.</jats:p></jats:list-item> </jats:list></jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label /><jats:p>Theoretically, N losses are reduced by synchronizing fertilizer additions with plant uptake requirements. We investigated the impacts of supplemental, late‐season N applications on nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency (NRE), and N accumulation and partitioning in maize (<jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> L.) at silking (R1) and physiological maturity (R6). Also tested was whether modern hybrids responded differently to split‐N applications compared to hybrids released 20 yr ago. We compared 3 to 4 N rates ranging from 0 to 245 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> applied either in a single application at V3, or split with the last 45 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> delayed until V12, over 3 yr. Two newer hybrids (2012 and 2014) and two 1990 era hybrids (1991 and 1995) were compared at all N treatment combinations. Additional plant N accumulation following late‐split N applications was already apparent at R1, particularly in stems. Late‐split N application increased both whole‐plant R6 N accumulation and NRE through higher post‐silking N uptake. However, these benefits were rarely accompanied by increased grain yields. We found little evidence of differential hybrid responses to N rate or timing treatments. Principal component analysis revealed that the most consistent predictor of high post‐silking N uptake was lower N remobilization during grain‐fill; these had a strong inverse relationship. Therefore, gains from N management programs aiming to increase post‐silking N uptake are most likely in environments where whole‐plant N accumulation at R1 (and, consequently, potential N remobilization) is reduced. Further studies of late‐split N approaches are most warranted at lower total‐season N rates.</jats:p></jats:sec> Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates Agronomy Journal |
| spellingShingle | Mueller, Sarah M., Camberato, James J., Messina, Charlie, Shanahan, John, Zhang, Hao, Vyn, Tony J., Agronomy Journal, Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates, Agronomy and Crop Science |
| title | Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| title_full | Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| title_fullStr | Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| title_short | Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| title_sort | late‐split nitrogen applications increased maize plant nitrogen recovery but not yield under moderate to high nitrogen rates |
| title_unstemmed | Late‐Split Nitrogen Applications Increased Maize Plant Nitrogen Recovery but not Yield under Moderate to High Nitrogen Rates |
| topic | Agronomy and Crop Science |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.05.0282 |