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Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil?
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Agronomy Journal |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , |
| In: | Agronomy Journal, 100, 2008, 3, S. 551-556 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Wiley
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Kim, Ki‐In Clay, D. E. Carlson, C. G. Clay, S. A. Trooien, T. Kim, Ki‐In Clay, D. E. Carlson, C. G. Clay, S. A. Trooien, T. |
|---|---|
| author |
Kim, Ki‐In Clay, D. E. Carlson, C. G. Clay, S. A. Trooien, T. |
| spellingShingle |
Kim, Ki‐In Clay, D. E. Carlson, C. G. Clay, S. A. Trooien, T. Agronomy Journal Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? Agronomy and Crop Science |
| author_sort |
kim, ki‐in |
| spelling |
Kim, Ki‐In Clay, D. E. Carlson, C. G. Clay, S. A. Trooien, T. 0002-1962 1435-0645 Wiley Agronomy and Crop Science http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2007.0064 <jats:p>To improve site‐specific N recommendations a more complete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for synergistic relationships between N and water is needed. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of soil water regime on the ability of corn (<jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> L.) to use N derived from fertilizer and soil. A randomized split‐block experiment was conducted in 2002, 2003, and 2004. Soil at the site was a Brandt silty clay loam (fine‐silty, mixed, superactive frigid Calcic Hapludoll). Blocks were split into moderate (natural rainfall) and high (natural + supplemental irrigation) water regimes. Nitrogen rates were 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg urea‐N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> that was surface applied. Water, soil N, and N fertilizer use efficiencies were determined. Plant utilization of soil N was determined by mass balance in the unfertilized control plots and by using the δ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N approach in fertilized plots. Findings showed that: (i) plants responded to N and water simultaneously; (ii) N fertilizer increased water use efficiency (170 kg vs. 223 kg grain cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in 0 and 112 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> treatments, respectively); and (iii) water increased the ability of corn to use N derived from soil (67.7 and 61.6% efficient in high and moderate water regimes, respectively, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.002) and fertilizer (48 and 44% efficient in high and moderate water regimes, respectively, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.10). Higher N use efficiency in the high water regime was attributed to two interrelated factors. First, total growth and evapotranspiration (ET) were higher in the high than the moderate water regime. Second, N transport to the root increased with water transpired. For precision farming, results indicate that: (i) the amount of N fertilizer needed to produce a kg of grain is related to the yield loss due to water stress; and (ii) the rate constant used in yield goal equations can be replaced with a variable.</jats:p> Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? Agronomy Journal |
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| title |
Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| title_unstemmed |
Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| title_full |
Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| title_fullStr |
Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| title_short |
Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| title_sort |
do synergistic relationships between nitrogen and water influence the ability of corn to use nitrogen derived from fertilizer and soil? |
| topic |
Agronomy and Crop Science |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2007.0064 |
| publishDate |
2008 |
| physical |
551-556 |
| description |
<jats:p>To improve site‐specific N recommendations a more complete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for synergistic relationships between N and water is needed. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of soil water regime on the ability of corn (<jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> L.) to use N derived from fertilizer and soil. A randomized split‐block experiment was conducted in 2002, 2003, and 2004. Soil at the site was a Brandt silty clay loam (fine‐silty, mixed, superactive frigid Calcic Hapludoll). Blocks were split into moderate (natural rainfall) and high (natural + supplemental irrigation) water regimes. Nitrogen rates were 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg urea‐N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> that was surface applied. Water, soil N, and N fertilizer use efficiencies were determined. Plant utilization of soil N was determined by mass balance in the unfertilized control plots and by using the δ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N approach in fertilized plots. Findings showed that: (i) plants responded to N and water simultaneously; (ii) N fertilizer increased water use efficiency (170 kg vs. 223 kg grain cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in 0 and 112 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> treatments, respectively); and (iii) water increased the ability of corn to use N derived from soil (67.7 and 61.6% efficient in high and moderate water regimes, respectively, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.002) and fertilizer (48 and 44% efficient in high and moderate water regimes, respectively, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.10). Higher N use efficiency in the high water regime was attributed to two interrelated factors. First, total growth and evapotranspiration (ET) were higher in the high than the moderate water regime. Second, N transport to the root increased with water transpired. For precision farming, results indicate that: (i) the amount of N fertilizer needed to produce a kg of grain is related to the yield loss due to water stress; and (ii) the rate constant used in yield goal equations can be replaced with a variable.</jats:p> |
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| author | Kim, Ki‐In, Clay, D. E., Carlson, C. G., Clay, S. A., Trooien, T. |
| author_facet | Kim, Ki‐In, Clay, D. E., Carlson, C. G., Clay, S. A., Trooien, T., Kim, Ki‐In, Clay, D. E., Carlson, C. G., Clay, S. A., Trooien, T. |
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| description | <jats:p>To improve site‐specific N recommendations a more complete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for synergistic relationships between N and water is needed. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of soil water regime on the ability of corn (<jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> L.) to use N derived from fertilizer and soil. A randomized split‐block experiment was conducted in 2002, 2003, and 2004. Soil at the site was a Brandt silty clay loam (fine‐silty, mixed, superactive frigid Calcic Hapludoll). Blocks were split into moderate (natural rainfall) and high (natural + supplemental irrigation) water regimes. Nitrogen rates were 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg urea‐N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> that was surface applied. Water, soil N, and N fertilizer use efficiencies were determined. Plant utilization of soil N was determined by mass balance in the unfertilized control plots and by using the δ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N approach in fertilized plots. Findings showed that: (i) plants responded to N and water simultaneously; (ii) N fertilizer increased water use efficiency (170 kg vs. 223 kg grain cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in 0 and 112 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> treatments, respectively); and (iii) water increased the ability of corn to use N derived from soil (67.7 and 61.6% efficient in high and moderate water regimes, respectively, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.002) and fertilizer (48 and 44% efficient in high and moderate water regimes, respectively, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.10). Higher N use efficiency in the high water regime was attributed to two interrelated factors. First, total growth and evapotranspiration (ET) were higher in the high than the moderate water regime. Second, N transport to the root increased with water transpired. For precision farming, results indicate that: (i) the amount of N fertilizer needed to produce a kg of grain is related to the yield loss due to water stress; and (ii) the rate constant used in yield goal equations can be replaced with a variable.</jats:p> |
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| imprint | Wiley, 2008 |
| imprint_str_mv | Wiley, 2008 |
| institution | DE-Brt1, DE-D161, DE-Gla1, DE-Zi4, DE-15, DE-Pl11, DE-Rs1, DE-105, DE-14, DE-Ch1, DE-L229, DE-D275, DE-Bn3 |
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| spelling | Kim, Ki‐In Clay, D. E. Carlson, C. G. Clay, S. A. Trooien, T. 0002-1962 1435-0645 Wiley Agronomy and Crop Science http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2007.0064 <jats:p>To improve site‐specific N recommendations a more complete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for synergistic relationships between N and water is needed. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of soil water regime on the ability of corn (<jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> L.) to use N derived from fertilizer and soil. A randomized split‐block experiment was conducted in 2002, 2003, and 2004. Soil at the site was a Brandt silty clay loam (fine‐silty, mixed, superactive frigid Calcic Hapludoll). Blocks were split into moderate (natural rainfall) and high (natural + supplemental irrigation) water regimes. Nitrogen rates were 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg urea‐N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> that was surface applied. Water, soil N, and N fertilizer use efficiencies were determined. Plant utilization of soil N was determined by mass balance in the unfertilized control plots and by using the δ<jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N approach in fertilized plots. Findings showed that: (i) plants responded to N and water simultaneously; (ii) N fertilizer increased water use efficiency (170 kg vs. 223 kg grain cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in 0 and 112 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> treatments, respectively); and (iii) water increased the ability of corn to use N derived from soil (67.7 and 61.6% efficient in high and moderate water regimes, respectively, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.002) and fertilizer (48 and 44% efficient in high and moderate water regimes, respectively, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.10). Higher N use efficiency in the high water regime was attributed to two interrelated factors. First, total growth and evapotranspiration (ET) were higher in the high than the moderate water regime. Second, N transport to the root increased with water transpired. For precision farming, results indicate that: (i) the amount of N fertilizer needed to produce a kg of grain is related to the yield loss due to water stress; and (ii) the rate constant used in yield goal equations can be replaced with a variable.</jats:p> Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? Agronomy Journal |
| spellingShingle | Kim, Ki‐In, Clay, D. E., Carlson, C. G., Clay, S. A., Trooien, T., Agronomy Journal, Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil?, Agronomy and Crop Science |
| title | Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| title_full | Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| title_fullStr | Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| title_short | Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| title_sort | do synergistic relationships between nitrogen and water influence the ability of corn to use nitrogen derived from fertilizer and soil? |
| title_unstemmed | Do Synergistic Relationships between Nitrogen and Water Influence the Ability of Corn to Use Nitrogen Derived from Fertilizer and Soil? |
| topic | Agronomy and Crop Science |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2007.0064 |