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author Russelle, Michael P.
Entz, Martin H.
Franzluebbers, Alan J.
spellingShingle Russelle, Michael P.
Entz, Martin H.
Franzluebbers, Alan J.
Agronomy Journal
Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
Agronomy and Crop Science
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spelling Russelle, Michael P. Entz, Martin H. Franzluebbers, Alan J. 0002-1962 1435-0645 Wiley Agronomy and Crop Science http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0139 <jats:p>Although integrated crop–livestock systems have been employed globally for millennia, in the past century, farmers in North America have tended toward increased specialization. There is renewed interest in reintegrating crops and livestock because of concerns about natural resource degradation, the profitability and stability of farm income, long‐term sustainability, and increasing regulation of concentrated animal feeding operations. Integrated crop–livestock systems could foster diverse cropping systems, including the use of perennial and legume forages, which could be grown in selected areas of the landscape to achieve multiple environmental benefits. Integrated systems inherently would utilize animal manure, which enhances soil tilth, fertility, and C sequestration. Integration of crops and livestock could occur within a farm or among farms. Both scales of integration rely on farmers' knowledge, motivation, and resources. Despite the numerous benefits that could accrue if farms moved toward on‐farm or among‐farm integration of crops and livestock, the complexity of such systems could constrain adoption. However, farmers should expect that adoption of integrated crop–livestock systems would enhance both profitability and environmental sustainability of their farms and communities. The combination of system complexity and potential for public benefit justify the establishment of a new national or international research initiative to overcome constraints and move North American agriculture toward greater profitability and sustainability.</jats:p> Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America Agronomy Journal
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title Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
title_unstemmed Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
title_full Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
title_fullStr Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
title_full_unstemmed Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
title_short Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
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description <jats:p>Although integrated crop–livestock systems have been employed globally for millennia, in the past century, farmers in North America have tended toward increased specialization. There is renewed interest in reintegrating crops and livestock because of concerns about natural resource degradation, the profitability and stability of farm income, long‐term sustainability, and increasing regulation of concentrated animal feeding operations. Integrated crop–livestock systems could foster diverse cropping systems, including the use of perennial and legume forages, which could be grown in selected areas of the landscape to achieve multiple environmental benefits. Integrated systems inherently would utilize animal manure, which enhances soil tilth, fertility, and C sequestration. Integration of crops and livestock could occur within a farm or among farms. Both scales of integration rely on farmers' knowledge, motivation, and resources. Despite the numerous benefits that could accrue if farms moved toward on‐farm or among‐farm integration of crops and livestock, the complexity of such systems could constrain adoption. However, farmers should expect that adoption of integrated crop–livestock systems would enhance both profitability and environmental sustainability of their farms and communities. The combination of system complexity and potential for public benefit justify the establishment of a new national or international research initiative to overcome constraints and move North American agriculture toward greater profitability and sustainability.</jats:p>
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spelling Russelle, Michael P. Entz, Martin H. Franzluebbers, Alan J. 0002-1962 1435-0645 Wiley Agronomy and Crop Science http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0139 <jats:p>Although integrated crop–livestock systems have been employed globally for millennia, in the past century, farmers in North America have tended toward increased specialization. There is renewed interest in reintegrating crops and livestock because of concerns about natural resource degradation, the profitability and stability of farm income, long‐term sustainability, and increasing regulation of concentrated animal feeding operations. Integrated crop–livestock systems could foster diverse cropping systems, including the use of perennial and legume forages, which could be grown in selected areas of the landscape to achieve multiple environmental benefits. Integrated systems inherently would utilize animal manure, which enhances soil tilth, fertility, and C sequestration. Integration of crops and livestock could occur within a farm or among farms. Both scales of integration rely on farmers' knowledge, motivation, and resources. Despite the numerous benefits that could accrue if farms moved toward on‐farm or among‐farm integration of crops and livestock, the complexity of such systems could constrain adoption. However, farmers should expect that adoption of integrated crop–livestock systems would enhance both profitability and environmental sustainability of their farms and communities. The combination of system complexity and potential for public benefit justify the establishment of a new national or international research initiative to overcome constraints and move North American agriculture toward greater profitability and sustainability.</jats:p> Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America Agronomy Journal
spellingShingle Russelle, Michael P., Entz, Martin H., Franzluebbers, Alan J., Agronomy Journal, Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America, Agronomy and Crop Science
title Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
title_full Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
title_fullStr Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
title_full_unstemmed Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
title_short Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
title_sort reconsidering integrated crop–livestock systems in north america
title_unstemmed Reconsidering Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in North America
topic Agronomy and Crop Science
url http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0139