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Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora)
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Journal of Experimental Biology |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , |
| In: | Journal of Experimental Biology, 2018 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
The Company of Biologists
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| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Kirwan, John Daniel Graf, Josefine Smolka, Jochen Mayer, Georg Henze, Miriam Judith Nilsson, Dan-Eric Kirwan, John Daniel Graf, Josefine Smolka, Jochen Mayer, Georg Henze, Miriam Judith Nilsson, Dan-Eric |
|---|---|
| author |
Kirwan, John Daniel Graf, Josefine Smolka, Jochen Mayer, Georg Henze, Miriam Judith Nilsson, Dan-Eric |
| spellingShingle |
Kirwan, John Daniel Graf, Josefine Smolka, Jochen Mayer, Georg Henze, Miriam Judith Nilsson, Dan-Eric Journal of Experimental Biology Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) Insect Science Molecular Biology Animal Science and Zoology Aquatic Science Physiology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
| author_sort |
kirwan, john daniel |
| spelling |
Kirwan, John Daniel Graf, Josefine Smolka, Jochen Mayer, Georg Henze, Miriam Judith Nilsson, Dan-Eric 1477-9145 0022-0949 The Company of Biologists Insect Science Molecular Biology Animal Science and Zoology Aquatic Science Physiology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.175802 <jats:p>Onychophorans, also known as velvet worms, possess a pair of simple lateral eyes, and are a key lineage with regard to the evolution of vision. They resemble ancient Cambrian forms, and are closely related to arthropods, which boast an unrivalled diversity of eye designs. Nonetheless, the visual capabilities of onychophorans have not been well explored. Here, we assess the spatial resolution of the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli using behavioural experiments, three-dimensional reconstruction, anatomical and optical examinations, and modelling. Exploiting a spontaneous attraction towards dark objects, we find that E. rowelli can resolve stimuli that have the same average luminance as the background. Depending on the assumed contrast sensitivity of the animals, we estimate spatial resolution to be in the range of 15° to 40°. This results from an arrangement where the cornea and lens project the image largely behind the retina. The peculiar ellipsoid shape of the eye in combination with the asymmetric position and tilted orientation of the lens may improve spatial resolution in the forward direction. Nonetheless, the unordered network of interdigitating photoreceptors, which fills the whole eye chamber, precludes high acuity vision. Our findings suggest that adult specimens of E. rowelli cannot spot or visually identify prey or conspecifics beyond a few centimetres from the eye, but the coarse spatial resolution that the animals exhibited in our experiments is likely sufficient to find shelter and suitable microhabitats from further away. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of resolving vision in an onychophoran.</jats:p> Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) Journal of Experimental Biology |
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The Company of Biologists, 2018 |
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| title |
Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| title_unstemmed |
Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| title_full |
Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| title_fullStr |
Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| title_short |
Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| title_sort |
low resolution vision in a velvet worm (onychophora) |
| topic |
Insect Science Molecular Biology Animal Science and Zoology Aquatic Science Physiology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.175802 |
| publishDate |
2018 |
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<jats:p>Onychophorans, also known as velvet worms, possess a pair of simple lateral eyes, and are a key lineage with regard to the evolution of vision. They resemble ancient Cambrian forms, and are closely related to arthropods, which boast an unrivalled diversity of eye designs. Nonetheless, the visual capabilities of onychophorans have not been well explored. Here, we assess the spatial resolution of the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli using behavioural experiments, three-dimensional reconstruction, anatomical and optical examinations, and modelling. Exploiting a spontaneous attraction towards dark objects, we find that E. rowelli can resolve stimuli that have the same average luminance as the background. Depending on the assumed contrast sensitivity of the animals, we estimate spatial resolution to be in the range of 15° to 40°. This results from an arrangement where the cornea and lens project the image largely behind the retina. The peculiar ellipsoid shape of the eye in combination with the asymmetric position and tilted orientation of the lens may improve spatial resolution in the forward direction. Nonetheless, the unordered network of interdigitating photoreceptors, which fills the whole eye chamber, precludes high acuity vision. Our findings suggest that adult specimens of E. rowelli cannot spot or visually identify prey or conspecifics beyond a few centimetres from the eye, but the coarse spatial resolution that the animals exhibited in our experiments is likely sufficient to find shelter and suitable microhabitats from further away. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of resolving vision in an onychophoran.</jats:p> |
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| author | Kirwan, John Daniel, Graf, Josefine, Smolka, Jochen, Mayer, Georg, Henze, Miriam Judith, Nilsson, Dan-Eric |
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| description | <jats:p>Onychophorans, also known as velvet worms, possess a pair of simple lateral eyes, and are a key lineage with regard to the evolution of vision. They resemble ancient Cambrian forms, and are closely related to arthropods, which boast an unrivalled diversity of eye designs. Nonetheless, the visual capabilities of onychophorans have not been well explored. Here, we assess the spatial resolution of the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli using behavioural experiments, three-dimensional reconstruction, anatomical and optical examinations, and modelling. Exploiting a spontaneous attraction towards dark objects, we find that E. rowelli can resolve stimuli that have the same average luminance as the background. Depending on the assumed contrast sensitivity of the animals, we estimate spatial resolution to be in the range of 15° to 40°. This results from an arrangement where the cornea and lens project the image largely behind the retina. The peculiar ellipsoid shape of the eye in combination with the asymmetric position and tilted orientation of the lens may improve spatial resolution in the forward direction. Nonetheless, the unordered network of interdigitating photoreceptors, which fills the whole eye chamber, precludes high acuity vision. Our findings suggest that adult specimens of E. rowelli cannot spot or visually identify prey or conspecifics beyond a few centimetres from the eye, but the coarse spatial resolution that the animals exhibited in our experiments is likely sufficient to find shelter and suitable microhabitats from further away. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of resolving vision in an onychophoran.</jats:p> |
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| spelling | Kirwan, John Daniel Graf, Josefine Smolka, Jochen Mayer, Georg Henze, Miriam Judith Nilsson, Dan-Eric 1477-9145 0022-0949 The Company of Biologists Insect Science Molecular Biology Animal Science and Zoology Aquatic Science Physiology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.175802 <jats:p>Onychophorans, also known as velvet worms, possess a pair of simple lateral eyes, and are a key lineage with regard to the evolution of vision. They resemble ancient Cambrian forms, and are closely related to arthropods, which boast an unrivalled diversity of eye designs. Nonetheless, the visual capabilities of onychophorans have not been well explored. Here, we assess the spatial resolution of the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli using behavioural experiments, three-dimensional reconstruction, anatomical and optical examinations, and modelling. Exploiting a spontaneous attraction towards dark objects, we find that E. rowelli can resolve stimuli that have the same average luminance as the background. Depending on the assumed contrast sensitivity of the animals, we estimate spatial resolution to be in the range of 15° to 40°. This results from an arrangement where the cornea and lens project the image largely behind the retina. The peculiar ellipsoid shape of the eye in combination with the asymmetric position and tilted orientation of the lens may improve spatial resolution in the forward direction. Nonetheless, the unordered network of interdigitating photoreceptors, which fills the whole eye chamber, precludes high acuity vision. Our findings suggest that adult specimens of E. rowelli cannot spot or visually identify prey or conspecifics beyond a few centimetres from the eye, but the coarse spatial resolution that the animals exhibited in our experiments is likely sufficient to find shelter and suitable microhabitats from further away. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of resolving vision in an onychophoran.</jats:p> Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) Journal of Experimental Biology |
| spellingShingle | Kirwan, John Daniel, Graf, Josefine, Smolka, Jochen, Mayer, Georg, Henze, Miriam Judith, Nilsson, Dan-Eric, Journal of Experimental Biology, Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora), Insect Science, Molecular Biology, Animal Science and Zoology, Aquatic Science, Physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
| title | Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| title_full | Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| title_fullStr | Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| title_short | Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| title_sort | low resolution vision in a velvet worm (onychophora) |
| title_unstemmed | Low resolution vision in a velvet worm (Onychophora) |
| topic | Insect Science, Molecular Biology, Animal Science and Zoology, Aquatic Science, Physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.175802 |