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Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population

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Zeitschriftentitel: Open Heart
Personen und Körperschaften: Chen, Xiao-jing, Barywani, Salim Bary, Hansson, Per-Olof, Östgärd Thunström, Erik, Rosengren, Annika, Ergatoudes, Constantinos, Mandalenakis, Zacharias, Caidahl, Kenneth, Fu, Michael Lx
In: Open Heart, 6, 2019, 1, S. e000856
Format: E-Article
Sprache: Englisch
veröffentlicht:
BMJ
Schlagwörter:
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
author_facet Chen, Xiao-jing
Barywani, Salim Bary
Hansson, Per-Olof
Östgärd Thunström, Erik
Rosengren, Annika
Ergatoudes, Constantinos
Mandalenakis, Zacharias
Caidahl, Kenneth
Fu, Michael Lx
Chen, Xiao-jing
Barywani, Salim Bary
Hansson, Per-Olof
Östgärd Thunström, Erik
Rosengren, Annika
Ergatoudes, Constantinos
Mandalenakis, Zacharias
Caidahl, Kenneth
Fu, Michael Lx
author Chen, Xiao-jing
Barywani, Salim Bary
Hansson, Per-Olof
Östgärd Thunström, Erik
Rosengren, Annika
Ergatoudes, Constantinos
Mandalenakis, Zacharias
Caidahl, Kenneth
Fu, Michael Lx
spellingShingle Chen, Xiao-jing
Barywani, Salim Bary
Hansson, Per-Olof
Östgärd Thunström, Erik
Rosengren, Annika
Ergatoudes, Constantinos
Mandalenakis, Zacharias
Caidahl, Kenneth
Fu, Michael Lx
Open Heart
Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
author_sort chen, xiao-jing
spelling Chen, Xiao-jing Barywani, Salim Bary Hansson, Per-Olof Östgärd Thunström, Erik Rosengren, Annika Ergatoudes, Constantinos Mandalenakis, Zacharias Caidahl, Kenneth Fu, Michael Lx 2053-3624 BMJ Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000856 <jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Resting heart rate (RHR), a known cardiovascular risk factor, changes with age. However, little is known about the association between changes in RHR and the risk of cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the impact of RHR at baseline, and the change in RHR over time, on the risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design</jats:title><jats:p>A random population sample of men born in 1943 who were living in Gothenburg, Sweden was prospectively followed for a 21-year period.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Participants were examined three times: first in 1993 and then re-examined in 2003 and 2014. At each visit, a clinical examination, an ECG and laboratory analyses were performed. Change in RHR between 1993 and 2003 was defined as a decrease if RHR decreased by 5 beats per minute (bpm), an increase if RHR increased by 5 bpm or stable if the RHR change was <jats:underline>&lt;</jats:underline>4bpm).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Participants with a baseline RHR of &gt;75 bpm in 1993 had about a twofold higher risk of all-cause death (HR 2.3, CI 1.2 to 4.7, p=0.018), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 1.8, CI 1.1 to 3.0, p=0.014) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (HR 2.2, CI 1.1 to 4.5, p=0.025) compared with those with <jats:underline>&lt;</jats:underline>55 bpm in 1993. Participants with a stable RHR between 1993 and 2003 had a 44% decreased risk of CVD (HR 0.56, CI 0.35 to 0.87, p=0.011) compared with participants with an increasing RHR. Furthermore, every beat increase in heart rate from 1993 was associated with a 3% higher risk for all-cause death, 1% higher risk for CVD and 2% higher risk for CHD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>High RHR was associated with an increased risk of death and cardiovascular events in men from the general population. Moreover, individuals with an increase in RHR between 50 and 60 years of age had worse outcome.</jats:p></jats:sec> Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population Open Heart
doi_str_mv 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000856
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title Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_unstemmed Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_full Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_fullStr Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_full_unstemmed Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_short Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_sort impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
topic Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000856
publishDate 2019
physical e000856
description <jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Resting heart rate (RHR), a known cardiovascular risk factor, changes with age. However, little is known about the association between changes in RHR and the risk of cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the impact of RHR at baseline, and the change in RHR over time, on the risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design</jats:title><jats:p>A random population sample of men born in 1943 who were living in Gothenburg, Sweden was prospectively followed for a 21-year period.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Participants were examined three times: first in 1993 and then re-examined in 2003 and 2014. At each visit, a clinical examination, an ECG and laboratory analyses were performed. Change in RHR between 1993 and 2003 was defined as a decrease if RHR decreased by 5 beats per minute (bpm), an increase if RHR increased by 5 bpm or stable if the RHR change was <jats:underline>&lt;</jats:underline>4bpm).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Participants with a baseline RHR of &gt;75 bpm in 1993 had about a twofold higher risk of all-cause death (HR 2.3, CI 1.2 to 4.7, p=0.018), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 1.8, CI 1.1 to 3.0, p=0.014) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (HR 2.2, CI 1.1 to 4.5, p=0.025) compared with those with <jats:underline>&lt;</jats:underline>55 bpm in 1993. Participants with a stable RHR between 1993 and 2003 had a 44% decreased risk of CVD (HR 0.56, CI 0.35 to 0.87, p=0.011) compared with participants with an increasing RHR. Furthermore, every beat increase in heart rate from 1993 was associated with a 3% higher risk for all-cause death, 1% higher risk for CVD and 2% higher risk for CHD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>High RHR was associated with an increased risk of death and cardiovascular events in men from the general population. Moreover, individuals with an increase in RHR between 50 and 60 years of age had worse outcome.</jats:p></jats:sec>
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author Chen, Xiao-jing, Barywani, Salim Bary, Hansson, Per-Olof, Östgärd Thunström, Erik, Rosengren, Annika, Ergatoudes, Constantinos, Mandalenakis, Zacharias, Caidahl, Kenneth, Fu, Michael Lx
author_facet Chen, Xiao-jing, Barywani, Salim Bary, Hansson, Per-Olof, Östgärd Thunström, Erik, Rosengren, Annika, Ergatoudes, Constantinos, Mandalenakis, Zacharias, Caidahl, Kenneth, Fu, Michael Lx, Chen, Xiao-jing, Barywani, Salim Bary, Hansson, Per-Olof, Östgärd Thunström, Erik, Rosengren, Annika, Ergatoudes, Constantinos, Mandalenakis, Zacharias, Caidahl, Kenneth, Fu, Michael Lx
author_sort chen, xiao-jing
container_issue 1
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container_title Open Heart
container_volume 6
description <jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Resting heart rate (RHR), a known cardiovascular risk factor, changes with age. However, little is known about the association between changes in RHR and the risk of cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the impact of RHR at baseline, and the change in RHR over time, on the risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design</jats:title><jats:p>A random population sample of men born in 1943 who were living in Gothenburg, Sweden was prospectively followed for a 21-year period.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Participants were examined three times: first in 1993 and then re-examined in 2003 and 2014. At each visit, a clinical examination, an ECG and laboratory analyses were performed. Change in RHR between 1993 and 2003 was defined as a decrease if RHR decreased by 5 beats per minute (bpm), an increase if RHR increased by 5 bpm or stable if the RHR change was <jats:underline>&lt;</jats:underline>4bpm).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Participants with a baseline RHR of &gt;75 bpm in 1993 had about a twofold higher risk of all-cause death (HR 2.3, CI 1.2 to 4.7, p=0.018), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 1.8, CI 1.1 to 3.0, p=0.014) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (HR 2.2, CI 1.1 to 4.5, p=0.025) compared with those with <jats:underline>&lt;</jats:underline>55 bpm in 1993. Participants with a stable RHR between 1993 and 2003 had a 44% decreased risk of CVD (HR 0.56, CI 0.35 to 0.87, p=0.011) compared with participants with an increasing RHR. Furthermore, every beat increase in heart rate from 1993 was associated with a 3% higher risk for all-cause death, 1% higher risk for CVD and 2% higher risk for CHD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>High RHR was associated with an increased risk of death and cardiovascular events in men from the general population. Moreover, individuals with an increase in RHR between 50 and 60 years of age had worse outcome.</jats:p></jats:sec>
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spelling Chen, Xiao-jing Barywani, Salim Bary Hansson, Per-Olof Östgärd Thunström, Erik Rosengren, Annika Ergatoudes, Constantinos Mandalenakis, Zacharias Caidahl, Kenneth Fu, Michael Lx 2053-3624 BMJ Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000856 <jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Resting heart rate (RHR), a known cardiovascular risk factor, changes with age. However, little is known about the association between changes in RHR and the risk of cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess the impact of RHR at baseline, and the change in RHR over time, on the risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design</jats:title><jats:p>A random population sample of men born in 1943 who were living in Gothenburg, Sweden was prospectively followed for a 21-year period.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Participants were examined three times: first in 1993 and then re-examined in 2003 and 2014. At each visit, a clinical examination, an ECG and laboratory analyses were performed. Change in RHR between 1993 and 2003 was defined as a decrease if RHR decreased by 5 beats per minute (bpm), an increase if RHR increased by 5 bpm or stable if the RHR change was <jats:underline>&lt;</jats:underline>4bpm).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Participants with a baseline RHR of &gt;75 bpm in 1993 had about a twofold higher risk of all-cause death (HR 2.3, CI 1.2 to 4.7, p=0.018), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 1.8, CI 1.1 to 3.0, p=0.014) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (HR 2.2, CI 1.1 to 4.5, p=0.025) compared with those with <jats:underline>&lt;</jats:underline>55 bpm in 1993. Participants with a stable RHR between 1993 and 2003 had a 44% decreased risk of CVD (HR 0.56, CI 0.35 to 0.87, p=0.011) compared with participants with an increasing RHR. Furthermore, every beat increase in heart rate from 1993 was associated with a 3% higher risk for all-cause death, 1% higher risk for CVD and 2% higher risk for CHD.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>High RHR was associated with an increased risk of death and cardiovascular events in men from the general population. Moreover, individuals with an increase in RHR between 50 and 60 years of age had worse outcome.</jats:p></jats:sec> Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population Open Heart
spellingShingle Chen, Xiao-jing, Barywani, Salim Bary, Hansson, Per-Olof, Östgärd Thunström, Erik, Rosengren, Annika, Ergatoudes, Constantinos, Mandalenakis, Zacharias, Caidahl, Kenneth, Fu, Michael Lx, Open Heart, Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
title Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_full Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_fullStr Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_full_unstemmed Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_short Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_sort impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
title_unstemmed Impact of changes in heart rate with age on all-cause death and cardiovascular events in 50-year-old men from the general population
topic Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000856