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Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Medical Physics |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , |
| In: | Medical Physics, 37, 2010, 5, S. 1948-1965 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Wiley
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Gang, G. J. Tward, D. J. Lee, J. Siewerdsen, J. H. Gang, G. J. Tward, D. J. Lee, J. Siewerdsen, J. H. |
|---|---|
| author |
Gang, G. J. Tward, D. J. Lee, J. Siewerdsen, J. H. |
| spellingShingle |
Gang, G. J. Tward, D. J. Lee, J. Siewerdsen, J. H. Medical Physics Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT General Medicine |
| author_sort |
gang, g. j. |
| spelling |
Gang, G. J. Tward, D. J. Lee, J. Siewerdsen, J. H. 0094-2405 2473-4209 Wiley General Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3352586 <jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:</jats:title><jats:p>Anatomical background presents a major impediment to detectability in 2D radiography as well as 3D tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT (CBCT). This article incorporates theoretical and experimental analysis of anatomical background “noise” in cascaded systems analysis of 2D and 3D imaging performance to yield “generalized” metrics of noise‐equivalent quanta (NEQ) and detectability index as a function of the orbital extent of the (circular arc) source‐detector orbit.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p>A physical phantom was designed based on principles of fractal self‐similarity to exhibit power‐law spectral density<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0001.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0001" /> comparable to various anatomical sites (e.g., breast and lung). Background power spectra <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0002.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0002" /> were computed as a function of source‐detector orbital extent, including tomosynthesis <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0003.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0003" /> and CBCT (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0004.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0004" /> to 360°) under two acquisition schemes: (1) Constant angular separation between projections (variable dose) and (2) constant total number of projections (constant dose). The resulting <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0005.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0005" /> was incorporated in the generalized NEQ, and detectability index was computed from 3D cascaded systems analysis for a variety of imaging tasks.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p>The phantom yielded power‐law spectra within the expected spatial frequency range, quantifying the dependence of clutter magnitude<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0006.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0006" /> and correlation <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0007.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0007" /> with increasing tomosynthesis angle. Incorporation of <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0008.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0008" /> in the 3D NEQ provided a useful framework for analyzing the tradeoffs among anatomical, quantum, and electronic noise with dose and orbital extent. Distinct implications are posed for breast and chest tomosynthesis imaging system design—applications varying significantly in <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0009.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0009" /> and <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0010.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0010" />, and imaging task and, therefore, in optimal selection of orbital extent, number of projections, and dose. For example, low‐frequency tasks (e.g., soft‐tissue masses or nodules) tend to benefit from larger orbital extent and more fully 3D tomographic imaging, whereas high‐frequency tasks (e.g., microcalcifications) require careful, application‐specific selection of orbital extent and number of projections to minimize negative effects of quantum and electronic noise.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title><jats:p>The complex tradeoffs among anatomical background, quantum noise, and electronic noise in projection imaging, tomosynthesis, and CBCT can be described by generalized cascaded systems analysis, providing a useful framework for system design and optimization.</jats:p></jats:sec> Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT Medical Physics |
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10.1118/1.3352586 |
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Online |
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DE-D275 DE-Bn3 DE-Brt1 DE-D161 DE-Gla1 DE-Zi4 DE-15 DE-Rs1 DE-Pl11 DE-105 DE-14 DE-Ch1 DE-L229 |
| imprint |
Wiley, 2010 |
| imprint_str_mv |
Wiley, 2010 |
| issn |
0094-2405 2473-4209 |
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0094-2405 2473-4209 |
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English |
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gang2010anatomicalbackgroundandgeneralizeddetectabilityintomosynthesisandconebeamct |
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2010 |
| publisher |
Wiley |
| recordtype |
ai |
| record_format |
ai |
| series |
Medical Physics |
| source_id |
49 |
| title |
Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| title_unstemmed |
Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| title_full |
Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| title_fullStr |
Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| title_short |
Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| title_sort |
anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam ct |
| topic |
General Medicine |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3352586 |
| publishDate |
2010 |
| physical |
1948-1965 |
| description |
<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:</jats:title><jats:p>Anatomical background presents a major impediment to detectability in 2D radiography as well as 3D tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT (CBCT). This article incorporates theoretical and experimental analysis of anatomical background “noise” in cascaded systems analysis of 2D and 3D imaging performance to yield “generalized” metrics of noise‐equivalent quanta (NEQ) and detectability index as a function of the orbital extent of the (circular arc) source‐detector orbit.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p>A physical phantom was designed based on principles of fractal self‐similarity to exhibit power‐law spectral density<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0001.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0001" /> comparable to various anatomical sites (e.g., breast and lung). Background power spectra <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0002.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0002" /> were computed as a function of source‐detector orbital extent, including tomosynthesis <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0003.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0003" /> and CBCT (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0004.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0004" /> to 360°) under two acquisition schemes: (1) Constant angular separation between projections (variable dose) and (2) constant total number of projections (constant dose). The resulting <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0005.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0005" /> was incorporated in the generalized NEQ, and detectability index was computed from 3D cascaded systems analysis for a variety of imaging tasks.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p>The phantom yielded power‐law spectra within the expected spatial frequency range, quantifying the dependence of clutter magnitude<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0006.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0006" /> and correlation <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0007.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0007" /> with increasing tomosynthesis angle. Incorporation of <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0008.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0008" /> in the 3D NEQ provided a useful framework for analyzing the tradeoffs among anatomical, quantum, and electronic noise with dose and orbital extent. Distinct implications are posed for breast and chest tomosynthesis imaging system design—applications varying significantly in <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0009.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0009" /> and <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0010.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0010" />, and imaging task and, therefore, in optimal selection of orbital extent, number of projections, and dose. For example, low‐frequency tasks (e.g., soft‐tissue masses or nodules) tend to benefit from larger orbital extent and more fully 3D tomographic imaging, whereas high‐frequency tasks (e.g., microcalcifications) require careful, application‐specific selection of orbital extent and number of projections to minimize negative effects of quantum and electronic noise.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title><jats:p>The complex tradeoffs among anatomical background, quantum noise, and electronic noise in projection imaging, tomosynthesis, and CBCT can be described by generalized cascaded systems analysis, providing a useful framework for system design and optimization.</jats:p></jats:sec> |
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| author | Gang, G. J., Tward, D. J., Lee, J., Siewerdsen, J. H. |
| author_facet | Gang, G. J., Tward, D. J., Lee, J., Siewerdsen, J. H., Gang, G. J., Tward, D. J., Lee, J., Siewerdsen, J. H. |
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| description | <jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:</jats:title><jats:p>Anatomical background presents a major impediment to detectability in 2D radiography as well as 3D tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT (CBCT). This article incorporates theoretical and experimental analysis of anatomical background “noise” in cascaded systems analysis of 2D and 3D imaging performance to yield “generalized” metrics of noise‐equivalent quanta (NEQ) and detectability index as a function of the orbital extent of the (circular arc) source‐detector orbit.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p>A physical phantom was designed based on principles of fractal self‐similarity to exhibit power‐law spectral density<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0001.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0001" /> comparable to various anatomical sites (e.g., breast and lung). Background power spectra <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0002.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0002" /> were computed as a function of source‐detector orbital extent, including tomosynthesis <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0003.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0003" /> and CBCT (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0004.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0004" /> to 360°) under two acquisition schemes: (1) Constant angular separation between projections (variable dose) and (2) constant total number of projections (constant dose). The resulting <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0005.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0005" /> was incorporated in the generalized NEQ, and detectability index was computed from 3D cascaded systems analysis for a variety of imaging tasks.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p>The phantom yielded power‐law spectra within the expected spatial frequency range, quantifying the dependence of clutter magnitude<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0006.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0006" /> and correlation <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0007.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0007" /> with increasing tomosynthesis angle. Incorporation of <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0008.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0008" /> in the 3D NEQ provided a useful framework for analyzing the tradeoffs among anatomical, quantum, and electronic noise with dose and orbital extent. Distinct implications are posed for breast and chest tomosynthesis imaging system design—applications varying significantly in <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0009.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0009" /> and <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0010.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0010" />, and imaging task and, therefore, in optimal selection of orbital extent, number of projections, and dose. For example, low‐frequency tasks (e.g., soft‐tissue masses or nodules) tend to benefit from larger orbital extent and more fully 3D tomographic imaging, whereas high‐frequency tasks (e.g., microcalcifications) require careful, application‐specific selection of orbital extent and number of projections to minimize negative effects of quantum and electronic noise.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title><jats:p>The complex tradeoffs among anatomical background, quantum noise, and electronic noise in projection imaging, tomosynthesis, and CBCT can be described by generalized cascaded systems analysis, providing a useful framework for system design and optimization.</jats:p></jats:sec> |
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| id | ai-49-aHR0cDovL2R4LmRvaS5vcmcvMTAuMTExOC8xLjMzNTI1ODY |
| imprint | Wiley, 2010 |
| imprint_str_mv | Wiley, 2010 |
| institution | DE-D275, DE-Bn3, DE-Brt1, DE-D161, DE-Gla1, DE-Zi4, DE-15, DE-Rs1, DE-Pl11, DE-105, DE-14, DE-Ch1, DE-L229 |
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| issn_str_mv | 0094-2405, 2473-4209 |
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| physical | 1948-1965 |
| publishDate | 2010 |
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| series | Medical Physics |
| source_id | 49 |
| spelling | Gang, G. J. Tward, D. J. Lee, J. Siewerdsen, J. H. 0094-2405 2473-4209 Wiley General Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3352586 <jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:</jats:title><jats:p>Anatomical background presents a major impediment to detectability in 2D radiography as well as 3D tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT (CBCT). This article incorporates theoretical and experimental analysis of anatomical background “noise” in cascaded systems analysis of 2D and 3D imaging performance to yield “generalized” metrics of noise‐equivalent quanta (NEQ) and detectability index as a function of the orbital extent of the (circular arc) source‐detector orbit.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p>A physical phantom was designed based on principles of fractal self‐similarity to exhibit power‐law spectral density<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0001.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0001" /> comparable to various anatomical sites (e.g., breast and lung). Background power spectra <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0002.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0002" /> were computed as a function of source‐detector orbital extent, including tomosynthesis <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0003.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0003" /> and CBCT (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0004.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0004" /> to 360°) under two acquisition schemes: (1) Constant angular separation between projections (variable dose) and (2) constant total number of projections (constant dose). The resulting <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0005.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0005" /> was incorporated in the generalized NEQ, and detectability index was computed from 3D cascaded systems analysis for a variety of imaging tasks.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p>The phantom yielded power‐law spectra within the expected spatial frequency range, quantifying the dependence of clutter magnitude<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0006.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0006" /> and correlation <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0007.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0007" /> with increasing tomosynthesis angle. Incorporation of <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0008.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0008" /> in the 3D NEQ provided a useful framework for analyzing the tradeoffs among anatomical, quantum, and electronic noise with dose and orbital extent. Distinct implications are posed for breast and chest tomosynthesis imaging system design—applications varying significantly in <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0009.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0009" /> and <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/mp2586-math-0010.png" xlink:title="urn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp2586:mp2586-math-0010" />, and imaging task and, therefore, in optimal selection of orbital extent, number of projections, and dose. For example, low‐frequency tasks (e.g., soft‐tissue masses or nodules) tend to benefit from larger orbital extent and more fully 3D tomographic imaging, whereas high‐frequency tasks (e.g., microcalcifications) require careful, application‐specific selection of orbital extent and number of projections to minimize negative effects of quantum and electronic noise.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title><jats:p>The complex tradeoffs among anatomical background, quantum noise, and electronic noise in projection imaging, tomosynthesis, and CBCT can be described by generalized cascaded systems analysis, providing a useful framework for system design and optimization.</jats:p></jats:sec> Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT Medical Physics |
| spellingShingle | Gang, G. J., Tward, D. J., Lee, J., Siewerdsen, J. H., Medical Physics, Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT, General Medicine |
| title | Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| title_full | Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| title_fullStr | Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| title_short | Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| title_sort | anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam ct |
| title_unstemmed | Anatomical background and generalized detectability in tomosynthesis and cone‐beam CT |
| topic | General Medicine |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3352586 |