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Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Clinical & Experimental Allergy |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , , , , |
| In: | Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 35, 2005, 8, S. 1088-1095 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Wiley
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| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Breuer, K. Wittmann, M. Kempe, K. Kapp, A. Mai, U. Dittrich‐Breiholz, O. Kracht, M. Mrabet‐Dahbi, S. Werfel, T. Breuer, K. Wittmann, M. Kempe, K. Kapp, A. Mai, U. Dittrich‐Breiholz, O. Kracht, M. Mrabet‐Dahbi, S. Werfel, T. |
|---|---|
| author |
Breuer, K. Wittmann, M. Kempe, K. Kapp, A. Mai, U. Dittrich‐Breiholz, O. Kracht, M. Mrabet‐Dahbi, S. Werfel, T. |
| spellingShingle |
Breuer, K. Wittmann, M. Kempe, K. Kapp, A. Mai, U. Dittrich‐Breiholz, O. Kracht, M. Mrabet‐Dahbi, S. Werfel, T. Clinical & Experimental Allergy Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis Immunology Immunology and Allergy |
| author_sort |
breuer, k. |
| spelling |
Breuer, K. Wittmann, M. Kempe, K. Kapp, A. Mai, U. Dittrich‐Breiholz, O. Kracht, M. Mrabet‐Dahbi, S. Werfel, T. 0954-7894 1365-2222 Wiley Immunology Immunology and Allergy http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02295.x <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background </jats:bold> <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic> is a well known trigger factor of atopic dermatitis (AD). Besides the superantigens, further exotoxins are produced by <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> and may have an influence on the eczema.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective </jats:bold> To explore the impact of staphylococcal α‐toxin on human T cells, as those represent the majority of skin infiltrating cells in AD.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods </jats:bold> Adult patients with AD were screened for cutaneous colonization with α‐toxin producing <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic>. As α‐toxin may induce necrosis, CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells were incubated with sublytic α‐toxin concentrations. Proliferation and up‐regulation of IFN‐γ on the mRNA and the protein level were assessed. The induction of t‐bet translocation in CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells was detected with the Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results </jats:bold> Thirty‐four percent of the patients were colonized with α‐toxin producing <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> and α‐toxin was detected in lesional skin of these patients by immunohistochemistry. Sublytic α‐toxin concentrations induced a marked proliferation of isolated CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells. Microarray analysis indicated that α‐toxin induced particularly high amounts of IFN‐γ transcripts. Up‐regulation of IFN‐γ was confirmed both on the mRNA and the protein level. Stimulation of CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells with α‐toxin resulted in DNA binding of t‐bet, known as a key transcription factor involved into primary T helper type 1 (Th1) commitment.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion </jats:bold> α‐toxin is produced by <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> isolated from patients with AD. We show here for the first time that sublytic α‐toxin concentrations activate T cells in the absence of antigen‐presenting cells. Our results indicate that α‐toxin is relevant for the induction of a Th1 like cytokine response. In AD, this facilitates the development of Th1 cell dominated chronic eczema.</jats:p> Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis Clinical & Experimental Allergy |
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Clinical & Experimental Allergy |
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| title |
Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_unstemmed |
Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_full |
Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_fullStr |
Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_short |
Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_sort |
alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> and induces a t helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| topic |
Immunology Immunology and Allergy |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02295.x |
| publishDate |
2005 |
| physical |
1088-1095 |
| description |
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background
</jats:bold> <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic> is a well known trigger factor of atopic dermatitis (AD). Besides the superantigens, further exotoxins are produced by <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> and may have an influence on the eczema.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective
</jats:bold> To explore the impact of staphylococcal α‐toxin on human T cells, as those represent the majority of skin infiltrating cells in AD.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods
</jats:bold> Adult patients with AD were screened for cutaneous colonization with α‐toxin producing <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic>. As α‐toxin may induce necrosis, CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells were incubated with sublytic α‐toxin concentrations. Proliferation and up‐regulation of IFN‐γ on the mRNA and the protein level were assessed. The induction of t‐bet translocation in CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells was detected with the Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results
</jats:bold> Thirty‐four percent of the patients were colonized with α‐toxin producing <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> and α‐toxin was detected in lesional skin of these patients by immunohistochemistry. Sublytic α‐toxin concentrations induced a marked proliferation of isolated CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells. Microarray analysis indicated that α‐toxin induced particularly high amounts of IFN‐γ transcripts. Up‐regulation of IFN‐γ was confirmed both on the mRNA and the protein level. Stimulation of CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells with α‐toxin resulted in DNA binding of t‐bet, known as a key transcription factor involved into primary T helper type 1 (Th1) commitment.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion
</jats:bold> α‐toxin is produced by <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> isolated from patients with AD. We show here for the first time that sublytic α‐toxin concentrations activate T cells in the absence of antigen‐presenting cells. Our results indicate that α‐toxin is relevant for the induction of a Th1 like cytokine response. In AD, this facilitates the development of Th1 cell dominated chronic eczema.</jats:p> |
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| author | Breuer, K., Wittmann, M., Kempe, K., Kapp, A., Mai, U., Dittrich‐Breiholz, O., Kracht, M., Mrabet‐Dahbi, S., Werfel, T. |
| author_facet | Breuer, K., Wittmann, M., Kempe, K., Kapp, A., Mai, U., Dittrich‐Breiholz, O., Kracht, M., Mrabet‐Dahbi, S., Werfel, T., Breuer, K., Wittmann, M., Kempe, K., Kapp, A., Mai, U., Dittrich‐Breiholz, O., Kracht, M., Mrabet‐Dahbi, S., Werfel, T. |
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| description | <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background </jats:bold> <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic> is a well known trigger factor of atopic dermatitis (AD). Besides the superantigens, further exotoxins are produced by <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> and may have an influence on the eczema.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective </jats:bold> To explore the impact of staphylococcal α‐toxin on human T cells, as those represent the majority of skin infiltrating cells in AD.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods </jats:bold> Adult patients with AD were screened for cutaneous colonization with α‐toxin producing <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic>. As α‐toxin may induce necrosis, CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells were incubated with sublytic α‐toxin concentrations. Proliferation and up‐regulation of IFN‐γ on the mRNA and the protein level were assessed. The induction of t‐bet translocation in CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells was detected with the Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results </jats:bold> Thirty‐four percent of the patients were colonized with α‐toxin producing <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> and α‐toxin was detected in lesional skin of these patients by immunohistochemistry. Sublytic α‐toxin concentrations induced a marked proliferation of isolated CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells. Microarray analysis indicated that α‐toxin induced particularly high amounts of IFN‐γ transcripts. Up‐regulation of IFN‐γ was confirmed both on the mRNA and the protein level. Stimulation of CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells with α‐toxin resulted in DNA binding of t‐bet, known as a key transcription factor involved into primary T helper type 1 (Th1) commitment.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion </jats:bold> α‐toxin is produced by <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> isolated from patients with AD. We show here for the first time that sublytic α‐toxin concentrations activate T cells in the absence of antigen‐presenting cells. Our results indicate that α‐toxin is relevant for the induction of a Th1 like cytokine response. In AD, this facilitates the development of Th1 cell dominated chronic eczema.</jats:p> |
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| spelling | Breuer, K. Wittmann, M. Kempe, K. Kapp, A. Mai, U. Dittrich‐Breiholz, O. Kracht, M. Mrabet‐Dahbi, S. Werfel, T. 0954-7894 1365-2222 Wiley Immunology Immunology and Allergy http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02295.x <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background </jats:bold> <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic> is a well known trigger factor of atopic dermatitis (AD). Besides the superantigens, further exotoxins are produced by <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> and may have an influence on the eczema.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective </jats:bold> To explore the impact of staphylococcal α‐toxin on human T cells, as those represent the majority of skin infiltrating cells in AD.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods </jats:bold> Adult patients with AD were screened for cutaneous colonization with α‐toxin producing <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic>. As α‐toxin may induce necrosis, CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells were incubated with sublytic α‐toxin concentrations. Proliferation and up‐regulation of IFN‐γ on the mRNA and the protein level were assessed. The induction of t‐bet translocation in CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells was detected with the Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results </jats:bold> Thirty‐four percent of the patients were colonized with α‐toxin producing <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> and α‐toxin was detected in lesional skin of these patients by immunohistochemistry. Sublytic α‐toxin concentrations induced a marked proliferation of isolated CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells. Microarray analysis indicated that α‐toxin induced particularly high amounts of IFN‐γ transcripts. Up‐regulation of IFN‐γ was confirmed both on the mRNA and the protein level. Stimulation of CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells with α‐toxin resulted in DNA binding of t‐bet, known as a key transcription factor involved into primary T helper type 1 (Th1) commitment.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion </jats:bold> α‐toxin is produced by <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> isolated from patients with AD. We show here for the first time that sublytic α‐toxin concentrations activate T cells in the absence of antigen‐presenting cells. Our results indicate that α‐toxin is relevant for the induction of a Th1 like cytokine response. In AD, this facilitates the development of Th1 cell dominated chronic eczema.</jats:p> Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis Clinical & Experimental Allergy |
| spellingShingle | Breuer, K., Wittmann, M., Kempe, K., Kapp, A., Mai, U., Dittrich‐Breiholz, O., Kracht, M., Mrabet‐Dahbi, S., Werfel, T., Clinical & Experimental Allergy, Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy |
| title | Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_full | Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_fullStr | Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_short | Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_sort | alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> and induces a t helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| title_unstemmed | Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis |
| topic | Immunology, Immunology and Allergy |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02295.x |