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Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition...
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | GCB Bioenergy |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , |
| In: | GCB Bioenergy, 11, 2019, 12, S. 1456-1470 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Wiley
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Keane, J. Ben Morrison, Ross McNamara, Niall P. Ineson, Phil Keane, J. Ben Morrison, Ross McNamara, Niall P. Ineson, Phil |
|---|---|
| author |
Keane, J. Ben Morrison, Ross McNamara, Niall P. Ineson, Phil |
| spellingShingle |
Keane, J. Ben Morrison, Ross McNamara, Niall P. Ineson, Phil GCB Bioenergy Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition Waste Management and Disposal Agronomy and Crop Science Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Forestry |
| author_sort |
keane, j. ben |
| spelling |
Keane, J. Ben Morrison, Ross McNamara, Niall P. Ineson, Phil 1757-1693 1757-1707 Wiley Waste Management and Disposal Agronomy and Crop Science Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Forestry http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12653 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Miscanthus x giganteus</jats:italic>'s efficacy as an energy crop relies on maintaining low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As demand for <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> is expected to rise to meet bioenergy targets, fertilizers and composts may be employed to increase yields, but will also increase GHG emissions. Manipulation experiments are vital to investigate the consequences of any fertilizer additions, but there is currently no way to measure whole‐plant GHG fluxes from crops taller than 2.5 m, such as <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic>, at the experimental plot scale. We employed a unique combination of eddy covariance (EC), soil chambers and an entirely new automated chamber system, SkyBeam, to measure high frequency (ca. hourly) fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), methane (CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) from a <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> crop amended with green compost. Untreated controls were also monitored in a fully replicated experimental design. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was partitioned into soil respiration (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub>), gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration, and the crop was harvested to determine the effect of compost on crop productivity. Compost increased NEE emissions by 100% (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05), which was the result of a 20% increase of <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .06) and a 32% reduction in GPP (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05) and biomass of 37% (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .06). Methane fluxes were small and unaffected by compost addition. N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O emissions increased 34% under compost during an emission event; otherwise, fluxes were low and often negative, even under dry conditions. Diurnal variation in N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O fluxes, with uptake during the day and emission at night was observed. These fluxes displayed a negative relationship with soil temperature and a hitherto undescribed diurnal temperature hysteresis. We conclude that compost addition negatively affected the productivity and environmental effects of <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> cultivation during the first year following application.</jats:p> Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N<sub>2</sub>O variation and increased emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from <i>Miscanthus</i> following compost addition GCB Bioenergy |
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10.1111/gcbb.12653 |
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Online Free |
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Geographie Technik Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft |
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Wiley, 2019 |
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Wiley, 2019 |
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1757-1693 1757-1707 |
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| title |
Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| title_unstemmed |
Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| title_full |
Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| title_fullStr |
Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| title_short |
Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| title_sort |
real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal n<sub>2</sub>o variation and increased emissions of co<sub>2</sub> and n<sub>2</sub>o from <i>miscanthus</i> following compost addition |
| topic |
Waste Management and Disposal Agronomy and Crop Science Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Forestry |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12653 |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| physical |
1456-1470 |
| description |
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Miscanthus x giganteus</jats:italic>'s efficacy as an energy crop relies on maintaining low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As demand for <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> is expected to rise to meet bioenergy targets, fertilizers and composts may be employed to increase yields, but will also increase GHG emissions. Manipulation experiments are vital to investigate the consequences of any fertilizer additions, but there is currently no way to measure whole‐plant GHG fluxes from crops taller than 2.5 m, such as <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic>, at the experimental plot scale. We employed a unique combination of eddy covariance (EC), soil chambers and an entirely new automated chamber system, SkyBeam, to measure high frequency (ca. hourly) fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), methane (CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) from a <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> crop amended with green compost. Untreated controls were also monitored in a fully replicated experimental design. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was partitioned into soil respiration (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub>), gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration, and the crop was harvested to determine the effect of compost on crop productivity. Compost increased NEE emissions by 100% (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05), which was the result of a 20% increase of <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .06) and a 32% reduction in GPP (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05) and biomass of 37% (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .06). Methane fluxes were small and unaffected by compost addition. N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O emissions increased 34% under compost during an emission event; otherwise, fluxes were low and often negative, even under dry conditions. Diurnal variation in N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O fluxes, with uptake during the day and emission at night was observed. These fluxes displayed a negative relationship with soil temperature and a hitherto undescribed diurnal temperature hysteresis. We conclude that compost addition negatively affected the productivity and environmental effects of <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> cultivation during the first year following application.</jats:p> |
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| author | Keane, J. Ben, Morrison, Ross, McNamara, Niall P., Ineson, Phil |
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| description | <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Miscanthus x giganteus</jats:italic>'s efficacy as an energy crop relies on maintaining low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As demand for <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> is expected to rise to meet bioenergy targets, fertilizers and composts may be employed to increase yields, but will also increase GHG emissions. Manipulation experiments are vital to investigate the consequences of any fertilizer additions, but there is currently no way to measure whole‐plant GHG fluxes from crops taller than 2.5 m, such as <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic>, at the experimental plot scale. We employed a unique combination of eddy covariance (EC), soil chambers and an entirely new automated chamber system, SkyBeam, to measure high frequency (ca. hourly) fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), methane (CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) from a <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> crop amended with green compost. Untreated controls were also monitored in a fully replicated experimental design. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was partitioned into soil respiration (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub>), gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration, and the crop was harvested to determine the effect of compost on crop productivity. Compost increased NEE emissions by 100% (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05), which was the result of a 20% increase of <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .06) and a 32% reduction in GPP (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05) and biomass of 37% (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .06). Methane fluxes were small and unaffected by compost addition. N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O emissions increased 34% under compost during an emission event; otherwise, fluxes were low and often negative, even under dry conditions. Diurnal variation in N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O fluxes, with uptake during the day and emission at night was observed. These fluxes displayed a negative relationship with soil temperature and a hitherto undescribed diurnal temperature hysteresis. We conclude that compost addition negatively affected the productivity and environmental effects of <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> cultivation during the first year following application.</jats:p> |
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| spelling | Keane, J. Ben Morrison, Ross McNamara, Niall P. Ineson, Phil 1757-1693 1757-1707 Wiley Waste Management and Disposal Agronomy and Crop Science Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Forestry http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12653 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Miscanthus x giganteus</jats:italic>'s efficacy as an energy crop relies on maintaining low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As demand for <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> is expected to rise to meet bioenergy targets, fertilizers and composts may be employed to increase yields, but will also increase GHG emissions. Manipulation experiments are vital to investigate the consequences of any fertilizer additions, but there is currently no way to measure whole‐plant GHG fluxes from crops taller than 2.5 m, such as <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic>, at the experimental plot scale. We employed a unique combination of eddy covariance (EC), soil chambers and an entirely new automated chamber system, SkyBeam, to measure high frequency (ca. hourly) fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), methane (CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) from a <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> crop amended with green compost. Untreated controls were also monitored in a fully replicated experimental design. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> was partitioned into soil respiration (<jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub>), gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration, and the crop was harvested to determine the effect of compost on crop productivity. Compost increased NEE emissions by 100% (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05), which was the result of a 20% increase of <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .06) and a 32% reduction in GPP (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05) and biomass of 37% (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .06). Methane fluxes were small and unaffected by compost addition. N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O emissions increased 34% under compost during an emission event; otherwise, fluxes were low and often negative, even under dry conditions. Diurnal variation in N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O fluxes, with uptake during the day and emission at night was observed. These fluxes displayed a negative relationship with soil temperature and a hitherto undescribed diurnal temperature hysteresis. We conclude that compost addition negatively affected the productivity and environmental effects of <jats:italic>Miscanthus</jats:italic> cultivation during the first year following application.</jats:p> Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N<sub>2</sub>O variation and increased emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from <i>Miscanthus</i> following compost addition GCB Bioenergy |
| spellingShingle | Keane, J. Ben, Morrison, Ross, McNamara, Niall P., Ineson, Phil, GCB Bioenergy, Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition, Waste Management and Disposal, Agronomy and Crop Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Forestry |
| title | Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| title_full | Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| title_fullStr | Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| title_short | Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| title_sort | real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal n<sub>2</sub>o variation and increased emissions of co<sub>2</sub> and n<sub>2</sub>o from <i>miscanthus</i> following compost addition |
| title_unstemmed | Real‐time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions with tall chambers reveals diurnal N2O variation and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O from Miscanthus following compost addition |
| topic | Waste Management and Disposal, Agronomy and Crop Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Forestry |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12653 |