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Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Global Change Biology |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , |
| In: | Global Change Biology, 24, 2018, 10, S. 4598-4613 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Wiley
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| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Wijedasa, Lahiru S. Sloan, Sean Page, Susan E. Clements, Gopalasamy R. Lupascu, Massimo Evans, Theodore A. Wijedasa, Lahiru S. Sloan, Sean Page, Susan E. Clements, Gopalasamy R. Lupascu, Massimo Evans, Theodore A. |
|---|---|
| author |
Wijedasa, Lahiru S. Sloan, Sean Page, Susan E. Clements, Gopalasamy R. Lupascu, Massimo Evans, Theodore A. |
| spellingShingle |
Wijedasa, Lahiru S. Sloan, Sean Page, Susan E. Clements, Gopalasamy R. Lupascu, Massimo Evans, Theodore A. Global Change Biology Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change |
| author_sort |
wijedasa, lahiru s. |
| spelling |
Wijedasa, Lahiru S. Sloan, Sean Page, Susan E. Clements, Gopalasamy R. Lupascu, Massimo Evans, Theodore A. 1354-1013 1365-2486 Wiley General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14340 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Carbon emissions from drained peatlands converted to agriculture in South‐East Asia (i.e., Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo) are globally significant and increasing. Here, we map the growth of South‐East Asian peatland agriculture and estimate <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions due to peat drainage in relation to official land‐use plans with a focus on the reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">REDD</jats:styled-content>+)‐related Indonesian moratorium on granting new concession licences for industrial agriculture and logging. We find that, prior to 2010, 35% of South‐East Asian peatlands had been converted to agriculture, principally by smallholder farmers (15% of original peat extent) and industrial oil palm plantations (14%). These conversions resulted in 1.46–6.43 Gt<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> of emissions between 1990 and 2010. This legacy of historical clearances on deep‐peat areas will contribute 51% (4.43–11.45 Gt<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) of projected future peatland <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions over the period 2010–2130. In Indonesia, which hosts most of the region's peatland and where concession maps are publicly available, 70% of peatland conversion to agriculture occurred outside of known concessions for industrial plantation development, with smallholders accounting for 60% and industrial oil palm accounting for 34%. Of the remaining Indonesian peat swamp forest (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content>), 45% is not protected, and its conversion would amount to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions equivalent to 0.7%–2.3% (5.14–14.93 Gt) of global fossil fuel and cement emissions released between 1990 and 2010. Of the peatland extent included in the moratorium, 48% was no longer forested, and of the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content> included, 40%–48% is likely to be affected by drainage impacts from agricultural areas and will emit <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> over time. We suggest that recent legislation and policy in Indonesia could provide a means of meaningful emission reductions if focused on revised land‐use planning, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content> conservation both inside and outside agricultural concessions, and the development of agricultural practices based on rehabilitating peatland hydrological function.</jats:p> Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes Global Change Biology |
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Wiley, 2018 |
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Global Change Biology |
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| title |
Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_unstemmed |
Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_full |
Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_fullStr |
Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_short |
Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_sort |
carbon emissions from south‐east asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| topic |
General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14340 |
| publishDate |
2018 |
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4598-4613 |
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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Carbon emissions from drained peatlands converted to agriculture in South‐East Asia (i.e., Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo) are globally significant and increasing. Here, we map the growth of South‐East Asian peatland agriculture and estimate <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions due to peat drainage in relation to official land‐use plans with a focus on the reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">REDD</jats:styled-content>+)‐related Indonesian moratorium on granting new concession licences for industrial agriculture and logging. We find that, prior to 2010, 35% of South‐East Asian peatlands had been converted to agriculture, principally by smallholder farmers (15% of original peat extent) and industrial oil palm plantations (14%). These conversions resulted in 1.46–6.43 Gt<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> of emissions between 1990 and 2010. This legacy of historical clearances on deep‐peat areas will contribute 51% (4.43–11.45 Gt<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) of projected future peatland <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions over the period 2010–2130. In Indonesia, which hosts most of the region's peatland and where concession maps are publicly available, 70% of peatland conversion to agriculture occurred outside of known concessions for industrial plantation development, with smallholders accounting for 60% and industrial oil palm accounting for 34%. Of the remaining Indonesian peat swamp forest (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content>), 45% is not protected, and its conversion would amount to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions equivalent to 0.7%–2.3% (5.14–14.93 Gt) of global fossil fuel and cement emissions released between 1990 and 2010. Of the peatland extent included in the moratorium, 48% was no longer forested, and of the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content> included, 40%–48% is likely to be affected by drainage impacts from agricultural areas and will emit <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> over time. We suggest that recent legislation and policy in Indonesia could provide a means of meaningful emission reductions if focused on revised land‐use planning, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content> conservation both inside and outside agricultural concessions, and the development of agricultural practices based on rehabilitating peatland hydrological function.</jats:p> |
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| author | Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Sloan, Sean, Page, Susan E., Clements, Gopalasamy R., Lupascu, Massimo, Evans, Theodore A. |
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| description | <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Carbon emissions from drained peatlands converted to agriculture in South‐East Asia (i.e., Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo) are globally significant and increasing. Here, we map the growth of South‐East Asian peatland agriculture and estimate <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions due to peat drainage in relation to official land‐use plans with a focus on the reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">REDD</jats:styled-content>+)‐related Indonesian moratorium on granting new concession licences for industrial agriculture and logging. We find that, prior to 2010, 35% of South‐East Asian peatlands had been converted to agriculture, principally by smallholder farmers (15% of original peat extent) and industrial oil palm plantations (14%). These conversions resulted in 1.46–6.43 Gt<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> of emissions between 1990 and 2010. This legacy of historical clearances on deep‐peat areas will contribute 51% (4.43–11.45 Gt<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) of projected future peatland <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions over the period 2010–2130. In Indonesia, which hosts most of the region's peatland and where concession maps are publicly available, 70% of peatland conversion to agriculture occurred outside of known concessions for industrial plantation development, with smallholders accounting for 60% and industrial oil palm accounting for 34%. Of the remaining Indonesian peat swamp forest (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content>), 45% is not protected, and its conversion would amount to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions equivalent to 0.7%–2.3% (5.14–14.93 Gt) of global fossil fuel and cement emissions released between 1990 and 2010. Of the peatland extent included in the moratorium, 48% was no longer forested, and of the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content> included, 40%–48% is likely to be affected by drainage impacts from agricultural areas and will emit <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> over time. We suggest that recent legislation and policy in Indonesia could provide a means of meaningful emission reductions if focused on revised land‐use planning, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content> conservation both inside and outside agricultural concessions, and the development of agricultural practices based on rehabilitating peatland hydrological function.</jats:p> |
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| spelling | Wijedasa, Lahiru S. Sloan, Sean Page, Susan E. Clements, Gopalasamy R. Lupascu, Massimo Evans, Theodore A. 1354-1013 1365-2486 Wiley General Environmental Science Ecology Environmental Chemistry Global and Planetary Change http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14340 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Carbon emissions from drained peatlands converted to agriculture in South‐East Asia (i.e., Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo) are globally significant and increasing. Here, we map the growth of South‐East Asian peatland agriculture and estimate <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions due to peat drainage in relation to official land‐use plans with a focus on the reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">REDD</jats:styled-content>+)‐related Indonesian moratorium on granting new concession licences for industrial agriculture and logging. We find that, prior to 2010, 35% of South‐East Asian peatlands had been converted to agriculture, principally by smallholder farmers (15% of original peat extent) and industrial oil palm plantations (14%). These conversions resulted in 1.46–6.43 Gt<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> of emissions between 1990 and 2010. This legacy of historical clearances on deep‐peat areas will contribute 51% (4.43–11.45 Gt<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) of projected future peatland <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions over the period 2010–2130. In Indonesia, which hosts most of the region's peatland and where concession maps are publicly available, 70% of peatland conversion to agriculture occurred outside of known concessions for industrial plantation development, with smallholders accounting for 60% and industrial oil palm accounting for 34%. Of the remaining Indonesian peat swamp forest (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content>), 45% is not protected, and its conversion would amount to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions equivalent to 0.7%–2.3% (5.14–14.93 Gt) of global fossil fuel and cement emissions released between 1990 and 2010. Of the peatland extent included in the moratorium, 48% was no longer forested, and of the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content> included, 40%–48% is likely to be affected by drainage impacts from agricultural areas and will emit <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> over time. We suggest that recent legislation and policy in Indonesia could provide a means of meaningful emission reductions if focused on revised land‐use planning, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">PSF</jats:styled-content> conservation both inside and outside agricultural concessions, and the development of agricultural practices based on rehabilitating peatland hydrological function.</jats:p> Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes Global Change Biology |
| spellingShingle | Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Sloan, Sean, Page, Susan E., Clements, Gopalasamy R., Lupascu, Massimo, Evans, Theodore A., Global Change Biology, Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes, General Environmental Science, Ecology, Environmental Chemistry, Global and Planetary Change |
| title | Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_full | Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_fullStr | Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_short | Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_sort | carbon emissions from south‐east asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| title_unstemmed | Carbon emissions from South‐East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission‐reduction schemes |
| topic | General Environmental Science, Ecology, Environmental Chemistry, Global and Planetary Change |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14340 |