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Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | British Journal of Pharmacology |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , |
| In: | British Journal of Pharmacology, 171, 2014, 6, S. 1435-1447 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Wiley
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| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Lopez‐Rodriguez, Ana Belen Llorente‐Berzal, Alvaro Garcia‐Segura, Luis M Viveros, Maria‐Paz Lopez‐Rodriguez, Ana Belen Llorente‐Berzal, Alvaro Garcia‐Segura, Luis M Viveros, Maria‐Paz |
|---|---|
| author |
Lopez‐Rodriguez, Ana Belen Llorente‐Berzal, Alvaro Garcia‐Segura, Luis M Viveros, Maria‐Paz |
| spellingShingle |
Lopez‐Rodriguez, Ana Belen Llorente‐Berzal, Alvaro Garcia‐Segura, Luis M Viveros, Maria‐Paz British Journal of Pharmacology Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats Pharmacology |
| author_sort |
lopez‐rodriguez, ana belen |
| spelling |
Lopez‐Rodriguez, Ana Belen Llorente‐Berzal, Alvaro Garcia‐Segura, Luis M Viveros, Maria‐Paz 0007-1188 1476-5381 Wiley Pharmacology http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.12519 <jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>Many young people consume ecstasy as a recreational drug and often in combination with cannabis. In this study, we aimed to mimic human consumption patterns and investigated, in male and female animals, the long‐term effects of Δ<jats:sup>9</jats:sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content>) and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content>) on diverse neuroinflammation and neurotoxic markers.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach</jats:title><jats:p>Male and female Wistar rats were chronically treated with increasing doses of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> during adolescence. The effects of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> on glial reactivity and on serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems were assessed by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus and parietal cortex.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results</jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> increased the area staining for glial fibrilar acidic protein in both sexes. In males, both drugs, either separately or in combination, increased the proportion of reactive microglia cells [ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">I</jats:styled-content>ba‐1)]. In contrast, in females, each drug, administered alone, decreased of this proportion, whereas the combination of both drugs resulted in a ‘normalization’ to control values. In males, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> reduced the number of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SERT</jats:styled-content> positive fibres, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> induced the opposite effect and the group receiving both drugs did not significantly differ from the controls. In females, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> reduced the number of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SERT</jats:styled-content> positive fibres and the combination of both drugs counteracted this effect. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> also reduced immunostaining for <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub></jats:styled-content> receptors in females and this effect was aggravated by the combination with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications</jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent exposure of rats to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> induced long‐term, sex‐dependent neurochemical and glial alterations, and revealed interactions between the two drugs.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Linked Articles</jats:title><jats:p>This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐6</jats:ext-link></jats:p></jats:sec> Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to <scp>THC</scp> and/or <scp>MDMA</scp> on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats British Journal of Pharmacology |
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British Journal of Pharmacology |
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| title |
Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_unstemmed |
Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_full |
Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_fullStr |
Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_short |
Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_sort |
sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to <scp>thc</scp> and/or <scp>mdma</scp> on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| topic |
Pharmacology |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.12519 |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| physical |
1435-1447 |
| description |
<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>Many young people consume ecstasy as a recreational drug and often in combination with cannabis. In this study, we aimed to mimic human consumption patterns and investigated, in male and female animals, the long‐term effects of Δ<jats:sup>9</jats:sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content>) and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content>) on diverse neuroinflammation and neurotoxic markers.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach</jats:title><jats:p>Male and female Wistar rats were chronically treated with increasing doses of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> during adolescence. The effects of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> on glial reactivity and on serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems were assessed by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus and parietal cortex.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results</jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> increased the area staining for glial fibrilar acidic protein in both sexes. In males, both drugs, either separately or in combination, increased the proportion of reactive microglia cells [ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">I</jats:styled-content>ba‐1)]. In contrast, in females, each drug, administered alone, decreased of this proportion, whereas the combination of both drugs resulted in a ‘normalization’ to control values. In males, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> reduced the number of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SERT</jats:styled-content> positive fibres, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> induced the opposite effect and the group receiving both drugs did not significantly differ from the controls. In females, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> reduced the number of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SERT</jats:styled-content> positive fibres and the combination of both drugs counteracted this effect. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> also reduced immunostaining for <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub></jats:styled-content> receptors in females and this effect was aggravated by the combination with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications</jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent exposure of rats to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> induced long‐term, sex‐dependent neurochemical and glial alterations, and revealed interactions between the two drugs.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Linked Articles</jats:title><jats:p>This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐6</jats:ext-link></jats:p></jats:sec> |
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| description | <jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>Many young people consume ecstasy as a recreational drug and often in combination with cannabis. In this study, we aimed to mimic human consumption patterns and investigated, in male and female animals, the long‐term effects of Δ<jats:sup>9</jats:sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content>) and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content>) on diverse neuroinflammation and neurotoxic markers.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach</jats:title><jats:p>Male and female Wistar rats were chronically treated with increasing doses of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> during adolescence. The effects of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> on glial reactivity and on serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems were assessed by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus and parietal cortex.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results</jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> increased the area staining for glial fibrilar acidic protein in both sexes. In males, both drugs, either separately or in combination, increased the proportion of reactive microglia cells [ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">I</jats:styled-content>ba‐1)]. In contrast, in females, each drug, administered alone, decreased of this proportion, whereas the combination of both drugs resulted in a ‘normalization’ to control values. In males, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> reduced the number of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SERT</jats:styled-content> positive fibres, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> induced the opposite effect and the group receiving both drugs did not significantly differ from the controls. In females, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> reduced the number of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SERT</jats:styled-content> positive fibres and the combination of both drugs counteracted this effect. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> also reduced immunostaining for <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub></jats:styled-content> receptors in females and this effect was aggravated by the combination with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications</jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent exposure of rats to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> induced long‐term, sex‐dependent neurochemical and glial alterations, and revealed interactions between the two drugs.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Linked Articles</jats:title><jats:p>This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐6</jats:ext-link></jats:p></jats:sec> |
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| spelling | Lopez‐Rodriguez, Ana Belen Llorente‐Berzal, Alvaro Garcia‐Segura, Luis M Viveros, Maria‐Paz 0007-1188 1476-5381 Wiley Pharmacology http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.12519 <jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>Many young people consume ecstasy as a recreational drug and often in combination with cannabis. In this study, we aimed to mimic human consumption patterns and investigated, in male and female animals, the long‐term effects of Δ<jats:sup>9</jats:sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content>) and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content>) on diverse neuroinflammation and neurotoxic markers.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach</jats:title><jats:p>Male and female Wistar rats were chronically treated with increasing doses of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> during adolescence. The effects of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> on glial reactivity and on serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems were assessed by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus and parietal cortex.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results</jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> increased the area staining for glial fibrilar acidic protein in both sexes. In males, both drugs, either separately or in combination, increased the proportion of reactive microglia cells [ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">I</jats:styled-content>ba‐1)]. In contrast, in females, each drug, administered alone, decreased of this proportion, whereas the combination of both drugs resulted in a ‘normalization’ to control values. In males, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> reduced the number of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SERT</jats:styled-content> positive fibres, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> induced the opposite effect and the group receiving both drugs did not significantly differ from the controls. In females, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> reduced the number of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">SERT</jats:styled-content> positive fibres and the combination of both drugs counteracted this effect. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> also reduced immunostaining for <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub></jats:styled-content> receptors in females and this effect was aggravated by the combination with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications</jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent exposure of rats to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">THC</jats:styled-content> and/or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MDMA</jats:styled-content> induced long‐term, sex‐dependent neurochemical and glial alterations, and revealed interactions between the two drugs.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Linked Articles</jats:title><jats:p>This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐6</jats:ext-link></jats:p></jats:sec> Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to <scp>THC</scp> and/or <scp>MDMA</scp> on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats British Journal of Pharmacology |
| spellingShingle | Lopez‐Rodriguez, Ana Belen, Llorente‐Berzal, Alvaro, Garcia‐Segura, Luis M, Viveros, Maria‐Paz, British Journal of Pharmacology, Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats, Pharmacology |
| title | Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_full | Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_fullStr | Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_short | Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_sort | sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to <scp>thc</scp> and/or <scp>mdma</scp> on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| title_unstemmed | Sex‐dependent long‐term effects of adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA on neuroinflammation and serotoninergic and cannabinoid systems in rats |
| topic | Pharmacology |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.12519 |