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Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Ma...
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | BioMed Research International |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| In: | BioMed Research International, 2015, 2015, S. 1-15 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Hindawi Limited
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| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Frickmann, Hagen Warnke, Philipp Frey, Claudia Schmidt, Salvatore Janke, Christian Erkens, Kay Schotte, Ulrich Köller, Thomas Maaßen, Winfried Podbielski, Andreas Binder, Alfred Hinz, Rebecca Queyriaux, Benjamin Wiemer, Dorothea Schwarz, Norbert Georg Hagen, Ralf Matthias Frickmann, Hagen Warnke, Philipp Frey, Claudia Schmidt, Salvatore Janke, Christian Erkens, Kay Schotte, Ulrich Köller, Thomas Maaßen, Winfried Podbielski, Andreas Binder, Alfred Hinz, Rebecca Queyriaux, Benjamin Wiemer, Dorothea Schwarz, Norbert Georg Hagen, Ralf Matthias |
|---|---|
| author |
Frickmann, Hagen Warnke, Philipp Frey, Claudia Schmidt, Salvatore Janke, Christian Erkens, Kay Schotte, Ulrich Köller, Thomas Maaßen, Winfried Podbielski, Andreas Binder, Alfred Hinz, Rebecca Queyriaux, Benjamin Wiemer, Dorothea Schwarz, Norbert Georg Hagen, Ralf Matthias |
| spellingShingle |
Frickmann, Hagen Warnke, Philipp Frey, Claudia Schmidt, Salvatore Janke, Christian Erkens, Kay Schotte, Ulrich Köller, Thomas Maaßen, Winfried Podbielski, Andreas Binder, Alfred Hinz, Rebecca Queyriaux, Benjamin Wiemer, Dorothea Schwarz, Norbert Georg Hagen, Ralf Matthias BioMed Research International Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali General Immunology and Microbiology General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine |
| author_sort |
frickmann, hagen |
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Frickmann, Hagen Warnke, Philipp Frey, Claudia Schmidt, Salvatore Janke, Christian Erkens, Kay Schotte, Ulrich Köller, Thomas Maaßen, Winfried Podbielski, Andreas Binder, Alfred Hinz, Rebecca Queyriaux, Benjamin Wiemer, Dorothea Schwarz, Norbert Georg Hagen, Ralf Matthias 2314-6133 2314-6141 Hindawi Limited General Immunology and Microbiology General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/573904 <jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction</jats:italic>. Since 2013, European soldiers have been deployed on the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) in Mali. From the beginning, diarrhea has been among the most “urgent” concerns. Diarrhea surveillance based on deployable real-time PCR equipment was conducted between December 2013 and August 2014.<jats:italic>Material and Methods</jats:italic>. In total, 53 stool samples were obtained from 51 soldiers with acute diarrhea. Multiplex PCR panels comprised enteroinvasive bacteria, diarrhea-associated<jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic>(EPEC, ETEC, EAEC, and EIEC), enteropathogenic viruses, and protozoa. Noroviruses were characterized by sequencing. Cultural screening for Enterobacteriaceae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) with subsequent repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) typing was performed. Clinical information was assessed.<jats:italic>Results</jats:italic>. Positive PCR results for diarrhea-associated pathogens were detected in 43/53 samples, comprising EPEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>21</mml:mn></mml:math>), ETEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>19</mml:mn></mml:math>), EAEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>15</mml:mn></mml:math>), Norovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Shigella</jats:italic>spp./EIEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum</jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis</jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic>spp. (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), Astrovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), Rotavirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), and Sapovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>). ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae were grown from 13 out of 48 samples. Simultaneous infections with several enteropathogenic agents were observed in 23 instances. Symptoms were mild to moderate. There were hints of autochthonous transmission.<jats:italic>Conclusions</jats:italic>. Multiplex real-time PCR proved to be suitable for diarrhea surveillance on deployment. Etiological attribution is challenging in cases of detection of multiple pathogens.</jats:p> Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali BioMed Research International |
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| title |
Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| title_unstemmed |
Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| title_full |
Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| title_fullStr |
Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| title_short |
Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| title_sort |
surveillance of food- and smear-transmitted pathogens in european soldiers with diarrhea on deployment in the tropics: experience from the european union training mission (eutm) mali |
| topic |
General Immunology and Microbiology General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/573904 |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| physical |
1-15 |
| description |
<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction</jats:italic>. Since 2013, European soldiers have been deployed on the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) in Mali. From the beginning, diarrhea has been among the most “urgent” concerns. Diarrhea surveillance based on deployable real-time PCR equipment was conducted between December 2013 and August 2014.<jats:italic>Material and Methods</jats:italic>. In total, 53 stool samples were obtained from 51 soldiers with acute diarrhea. Multiplex PCR panels comprised enteroinvasive bacteria, diarrhea-associated<jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic>(EPEC, ETEC, EAEC, and EIEC), enteropathogenic viruses, and protozoa. Noroviruses were characterized by sequencing. Cultural screening for Enterobacteriaceae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) with subsequent repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) typing was performed. Clinical information was assessed.<jats:italic>Results</jats:italic>. Positive PCR results for diarrhea-associated pathogens were detected in 43/53 samples, comprising EPEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>21</mml:mn></mml:math>), ETEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>19</mml:mn></mml:math>), EAEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>15</mml:mn></mml:math>), Norovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Shigella</jats:italic>spp./EIEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum</jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis</jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic>spp. (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), Astrovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), Rotavirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), and Sapovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>). ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae were grown from 13 out of 48 samples. Simultaneous infections with several enteropathogenic agents were observed in 23 instances. Symptoms were mild to moderate. There were hints of autochthonous transmission.<jats:italic>Conclusions</jats:italic>. Multiplex real-time PCR proved to be suitable for diarrhea surveillance on deployment. Etiological attribution is challenging in cases of detection of multiple pathogens.</jats:p> |
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| description | <jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction</jats:italic>. Since 2013, European soldiers have been deployed on the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) in Mali. From the beginning, diarrhea has been among the most “urgent” concerns. Diarrhea surveillance based on deployable real-time PCR equipment was conducted between December 2013 and August 2014.<jats:italic>Material and Methods</jats:italic>. In total, 53 stool samples were obtained from 51 soldiers with acute diarrhea. Multiplex PCR panels comprised enteroinvasive bacteria, diarrhea-associated<jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic>(EPEC, ETEC, EAEC, and EIEC), enteropathogenic viruses, and protozoa. Noroviruses were characterized by sequencing. Cultural screening for Enterobacteriaceae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) with subsequent repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) typing was performed. Clinical information was assessed.<jats:italic>Results</jats:italic>. Positive PCR results for diarrhea-associated pathogens were detected in 43/53 samples, comprising EPEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>21</mml:mn></mml:math>), ETEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>19</mml:mn></mml:math>), EAEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>15</mml:mn></mml:math>), Norovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Shigella</jats:italic>spp./EIEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum</jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis</jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic>spp. (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), Astrovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), Rotavirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), and Sapovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>). ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae were grown from 13 out of 48 samples. Simultaneous infections with several enteropathogenic agents were observed in 23 instances. Symptoms were mild to moderate. There were hints of autochthonous transmission.<jats:italic>Conclusions</jats:italic>. Multiplex real-time PCR proved to be suitable for diarrhea surveillance on deployment. Etiological attribution is challenging in cases of detection of multiple pathogens.</jats:p> |
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| series | BioMed Research International |
| source_id | 49 |
| spelling | Frickmann, Hagen Warnke, Philipp Frey, Claudia Schmidt, Salvatore Janke, Christian Erkens, Kay Schotte, Ulrich Köller, Thomas Maaßen, Winfried Podbielski, Andreas Binder, Alfred Hinz, Rebecca Queyriaux, Benjamin Wiemer, Dorothea Schwarz, Norbert Georg Hagen, Ralf Matthias 2314-6133 2314-6141 Hindawi Limited General Immunology and Microbiology General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/573904 <jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction</jats:italic>. Since 2013, European soldiers have been deployed on the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) in Mali. From the beginning, diarrhea has been among the most “urgent” concerns. Diarrhea surveillance based on deployable real-time PCR equipment was conducted between December 2013 and August 2014.<jats:italic>Material and Methods</jats:italic>. In total, 53 stool samples were obtained from 51 soldiers with acute diarrhea. Multiplex PCR panels comprised enteroinvasive bacteria, diarrhea-associated<jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic>(EPEC, ETEC, EAEC, and EIEC), enteropathogenic viruses, and protozoa. Noroviruses were characterized by sequencing. Cultural screening for Enterobacteriaceae with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) with subsequent repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) typing was performed. Clinical information was assessed.<jats:italic>Results</jats:italic>. Positive PCR results for diarrhea-associated pathogens were detected in 43/53 samples, comprising EPEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>21</mml:mn></mml:math>), ETEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>19</mml:mn></mml:math>), EAEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>15</mml:mn></mml:math>), Norovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Shigella</jats:italic>spp./EIEC (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum</jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis</jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:math>),<jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic>spp. (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), Astrovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), Rotavirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>), and Sapovirus (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>). ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae were grown from 13 out of 48 samples. Simultaneous infections with several enteropathogenic agents were observed in 23 instances. Symptoms were mild to moderate. There were hints of autochthonous transmission.<jats:italic>Conclusions</jats:italic>. Multiplex real-time PCR proved to be suitable for diarrhea surveillance on deployment. Etiological attribution is challenging in cases of detection of multiple pathogens.</jats:p> Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali BioMed Research International |
| spellingShingle | Frickmann, Hagen, Warnke, Philipp, Frey, Claudia, Schmidt, Salvatore, Janke, Christian, Erkens, Kay, Schotte, Ulrich, Köller, Thomas, Maaßen, Winfried, Podbielski, Andreas, Binder, Alfred, Hinz, Rebecca, Queyriaux, Benjamin, Wiemer, Dorothea, Schwarz, Norbert Georg, Hagen, Ralf Matthias, BioMed Research International, Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Medicine |
| title | Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| title_full | Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| title_fullStr | Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| title_short | Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| title_sort | surveillance of food- and smear-transmitted pathogens in european soldiers with diarrhea on deployment in the tropics: experience from the european union training mission (eutm) mali |
| title_unstemmed | Surveillance of Food- and Smear-Transmitted Pathogens in European Soldiers with Diarrhea on Deployment in the Tropics: Experience from the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Mali |
| topic | General Immunology and Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Medicine |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/573904 |