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Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Journal of Neurophysiology |
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| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , , , |
| In: | Journal of Neurophysiology, 102, 2009, 6, S. 3260-3269 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
American Physiological Society
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| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Sekirnjak, Chris Hulse, Clare Jepson, Lauren H. Hottowy, Pawel Sher, Alexander Dabrowski, Wladyslaw Litke, A. M. Chichilnisky, E. J. Sekirnjak, Chris Hulse, Clare Jepson, Lauren H. Hottowy, Pawel Sher, Alexander Dabrowski, Wladyslaw Litke, A. M. Chichilnisky, E. J. |
|---|---|
| author |
Sekirnjak, Chris Hulse, Clare Jepson, Lauren H. Hottowy, Pawel Sher, Alexander Dabrowski, Wladyslaw Litke, A. M. Chichilnisky, E. J. |
| spellingShingle |
Sekirnjak, Chris Hulse, Clare Jepson, Lauren H. Hottowy, Pawel Sher, Alexander Dabrowski, Wladyslaw Litke, A. M. Chichilnisky, E. J. Journal of Neurophysiology Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration Physiology General Neuroscience |
| author_sort |
sekirnjak, chris |
| spelling |
Sekirnjak, Chris Hulse, Clare Jepson, Lauren H. Hottowy, Pawel Sher, Alexander Dabrowski, Wladyslaw Litke, A. M. Chichilnisky, E. J. 0022-3077 1522-1598 American Physiological Society Physiology General Neuroscience http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00663.2009 <jats:p>Retinal implants are intended to help patients with degenerative conditions by electrically stimulating surviving cells to produce artificial vision. However, little is known about how individual retinal ganglion cells respond to direct electrical stimulation in degenerating retina. Here we used a transgenic rat model to characterize ganglion cell responses to light and electrical stimulation during photoreceptor degeneration. Retinas from pigmented P23H-1 rats were compared with wild-type retinas between ages P37 and P752. During degeneration, retinal thickness declined by 50%, largely as a consequence of photoreceptor loss. Spontaneous electrical activity in retinal ganglion cells initially increased two- to threefold, but returned to nearly normal levels around P600. A profound decrease in the number of light-responsive ganglion cells was observed during degeneration, culminating in retinas without detectable light responses by P550. Ganglion cells from transgenic and wild-type animals were targeted for focal electrical stimulation using multielectrode arrays with electrode diameters of ∼10 microns. Ganglion cells were stimulated directly and the success rate of stimulation in both groups was 60–70% at all ages. Surprisingly, thresholds (∼0.05 mC/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) and latencies (∼0.25 ms) in P23H rat ganglion cells were comparable to those in wild-type ganglion cells at all ages and showed no change over time. Thus ganglion cells in P23H rats respond normally to direct electrical stimulation despite severe photoreceptor degeneration and complete loss of light responses. These findings suggest that high-resolution epiretinal prosthetic devices may be effective in treating vision loss resulting from photoreceptor degeneration.</jats:p> Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration Journal of Neurophysiology |
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American Physiological Society, 2009 |
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Journal of Neurophysiology |
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| title |
Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| title_unstemmed |
Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| title_full |
Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| title_fullStr |
Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| title_short |
Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| title_sort |
loss of responses to visual but not electrical stimulation in ganglion cells of rats with severe photoreceptor degeneration |
| topic |
Physiology General Neuroscience |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00663.2009 |
| publishDate |
2009 |
| physical |
3260-3269 |
| description |
<jats:p>Retinal implants are intended to help patients with degenerative conditions by electrically stimulating surviving cells to produce artificial vision. However, little is known about how individual retinal ganglion cells respond to direct electrical stimulation in degenerating retina. Here we used a transgenic rat model to characterize ganglion cell responses to light and electrical stimulation during photoreceptor degeneration. Retinas from pigmented P23H-1 rats were compared with wild-type retinas between ages P37 and P752. During degeneration, retinal thickness declined by 50%, largely as a consequence of photoreceptor loss. Spontaneous electrical activity in retinal ganglion cells initially increased two- to threefold, but returned to nearly normal levels around P600. A profound decrease in the number of light-responsive ganglion cells was observed during degeneration, culminating in retinas without detectable light responses by P550. Ganglion cells from transgenic and wild-type animals were targeted for focal electrical stimulation using multielectrode arrays with electrode diameters of ∼10 microns. Ganglion cells were stimulated directly and the success rate of stimulation in both groups was 60–70% at all ages. Surprisingly, thresholds (∼0.05 mC/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) and latencies (∼0.25 ms) in P23H rat ganglion cells were comparable to those in wild-type ganglion cells at all ages and showed no change over time. Thus ganglion cells in P23H rats respond normally to direct electrical stimulation despite severe photoreceptor degeneration and complete loss of light responses. These findings suggest that high-resolution epiretinal prosthetic devices may be effective in treating vision loss resulting from photoreceptor degeneration.</jats:p> |
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| author | Sekirnjak, Chris, Hulse, Clare, Jepson, Lauren H., Hottowy, Pawel, Sher, Alexander, Dabrowski, Wladyslaw, Litke, A. M., Chichilnisky, E. J. |
| author_facet | Sekirnjak, Chris, Hulse, Clare, Jepson, Lauren H., Hottowy, Pawel, Sher, Alexander, Dabrowski, Wladyslaw, Litke, A. M., Chichilnisky, E. J., Sekirnjak, Chris, Hulse, Clare, Jepson, Lauren H., Hottowy, Pawel, Sher, Alexander, Dabrowski, Wladyslaw, Litke, A. M., Chichilnisky, E. J. |
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| description | <jats:p>Retinal implants are intended to help patients with degenerative conditions by electrically stimulating surviving cells to produce artificial vision. However, little is known about how individual retinal ganglion cells respond to direct electrical stimulation in degenerating retina. Here we used a transgenic rat model to characterize ganglion cell responses to light and electrical stimulation during photoreceptor degeneration. Retinas from pigmented P23H-1 rats were compared with wild-type retinas between ages P37 and P752. During degeneration, retinal thickness declined by 50%, largely as a consequence of photoreceptor loss. Spontaneous electrical activity in retinal ganglion cells initially increased two- to threefold, but returned to nearly normal levels around P600. A profound decrease in the number of light-responsive ganglion cells was observed during degeneration, culminating in retinas without detectable light responses by P550. Ganglion cells from transgenic and wild-type animals were targeted for focal electrical stimulation using multielectrode arrays with electrode diameters of ∼10 microns. Ganglion cells were stimulated directly and the success rate of stimulation in both groups was 60–70% at all ages. Surprisingly, thresholds (∼0.05 mC/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) and latencies (∼0.25 ms) in P23H rat ganglion cells were comparable to those in wild-type ganglion cells at all ages and showed no change over time. Thus ganglion cells in P23H rats respond normally to direct electrical stimulation despite severe photoreceptor degeneration and complete loss of light responses. These findings suggest that high-resolution epiretinal prosthetic devices may be effective in treating vision loss resulting from photoreceptor degeneration.</jats:p> |
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| spelling | Sekirnjak, Chris Hulse, Clare Jepson, Lauren H. Hottowy, Pawel Sher, Alexander Dabrowski, Wladyslaw Litke, A. M. Chichilnisky, E. J. 0022-3077 1522-1598 American Physiological Society Physiology General Neuroscience http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00663.2009 <jats:p>Retinal implants are intended to help patients with degenerative conditions by electrically stimulating surviving cells to produce artificial vision. However, little is known about how individual retinal ganglion cells respond to direct electrical stimulation in degenerating retina. Here we used a transgenic rat model to characterize ganglion cell responses to light and electrical stimulation during photoreceptor degeneration. Retinas from pigmented P23H-1 rats were compared with wild-type retinas between ages P37 and P752. During degeneration, retinal thickness declined by 50%, largely as a consequence of photoreceptor loss. Spontaneous electrical activity in retinal ganglion cells initially increased two- to threefold, but returned to nearly normal levels around P600. A profound decrease in the number of light-responsive ganglion cells was observed during degeneration, culminating in retinas without detectable light responses by P550. Ganglion cells from transgenic and wild-type animals were targeted for focal electrical stimulation using multielectrode arrays with electrode diameters of ∼10 microns. Ganglion cells were stimulated directly and the success rate of stimulation in both groups was 60–70% at all ages. Surprisingly, thresholds (∼0.05 mC/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) and latencies (∼0.25 ms) in P23H rat ganglion cells were comparable to those in wild-type ganglion cells at all ages and showed no change over time. Thus ganglion cells in P23H rats respond normally to direct electrical stimulation despite severe photoreceptor degeneration and complete loss of light responses. These findings suggest that high-resolution epiretinal prosthetic devices may be effective in treating vision loss resulting from photoreceptor degeneration.</jats:p> Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration Journal of Neurophysiology |
| spellingShingle | Sekirnjak, Chris, Hulse, Clare, Jepson, Lauren H., Hottowy, Pawel, Sher, Alexander, Dabrowski, Wladyslaw, Litke, A. M., Chichilnisky, E. J., Journal of Neurophysiology, Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration, Physiology, General Neuroscience |
| title | Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| title_full | Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| title_fullStr | Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| title_short | Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| title_sort | loss of responses to visual but not electrical stimulation in ganglion cells of rats with severe photoreceptor degeneration |
| title_unstemmed | Loss of Responses to Visual But Not Electrical Stimulation in Ganglion Cells of Rats With Severe Photoreceptor Degeneration |
| topic | Physiology, General Neuroscience |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00663.2009 |