author_facet Gamba, Gerardo
Gamba, Gerardo
author Gamba, Gerardo
spellingShingle Gamba, Gerardo
American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology
Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
Physiology
author_sort gamba, gerardo
spelling Gamba, Gerardo 1931-857X 1522-1466 American Physiological Society Physiology http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00311.2004 <jats:p>A recently discovered family of protein kinases is responsible for an autosomal-dominant disease known as Gordon's syndrome or pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHA-II) that features hyperkalemia and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, accompanied by hypertension and hypercalciuria. Four genes have been described in this kinase family, which has been named WNK, due to the absence of a key lysine in kinase subdomain II (with no K kinases). Two of these genes, WNK1 and WNK4 located in human chromosomes 12 and 17, respectively, are responsible for PHA-II. Immunohystochemical analysis revealed that WNK1 and WNK4 are predominantly expressed in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. The physiological studies have shown that WNK4 downregulates the activity of ion transport pathways expressed in these nephron segments, such as the apical thiazide-sensitive Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and apical secretory K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>channel ROMK, as well as upregulates paracellular chloride transport and phosphorylation of tight junction proteins such as claudins. In addition, WNK4 downregulates other Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>influx pathways such as the basolateral Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-2Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>/HCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup>exchanger. WNK4 mutations behave as a loss of function for the Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and a gain of function when it comes to ROMK and claudins. These dual effects of WNK4 mutations fit with proposed mechanisms for developing electrolyte abnormalities and hypertension in PHA-II and point to WNK4 as a multifunctional regulator of diverse ion transporters.</jats:p> Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology
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title Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_unstemmed Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_full Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_fullStr Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_full_unstemmed Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_short Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_sort role of wnk kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
topic Physiology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00311.2004
publishDate 2005
physical F245-F252
description <jats:p>A recently discovered family of protein kinases is responsible for an autosomal-dominant disease known as Gordon's syndrome or pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHA-II) that features hyperkalemia and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, accompanied by hypertension and hypercalciuria. Four genes have been described in this kinase family, which has been named WNK, due to the absence of a key lysine in kinase subdomain II (with no K kinases). Two of these genes, WNK1 and WNK4 located in human chromosomes 12 and 17, respectively, are responsible for PHA-II. Immunohystochemical analysis revealed that WNK1 and WNK4 are predominantly expressed in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. The physiological studies have shown that WNK4 downregulates the activity of ion transport pathways expressed in these nephron segments, such as the apical thiazide-sensitive Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and apical secretory K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>channel ROMK, as well as upregulates paracellular chloride transport and phosphorylation of tight junction proteins such as claudins. In addition, WNK4 downregulates other Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>influx pathways such as the basolateral Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-2Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>/HCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup>exchanger. WNK4 mutations behave as a loss of function for the Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and a gain of function when it comes to ROMK and claudins. These dual effects of WNK4 mutations fit with proposed mechanisms for developing electrolyte abnormalities and hypertension in PHA-II and point to WNK4 as a multifunctional regulator of diverse ion transporters.</jats:p>
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author Gamba, Gerardo
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author_sort gamba, gerardo
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container_title American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology
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description <jats:p>A recently discovered family of protein kinases is responsible for an autosomal-dominant disease known as Gordon's syndrome or pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHA-II) that features hyperkalemia and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, accompanied by hypertension and hypercalciuria. Four genes have been described in this kinase family, which has been named WNK, due to the absence of a key lysine in kinase subdomain II (with no K kinases). Two of these genes, WNK1 and WNK4 located in human chromosomes 12 and 17, respectively, are responsible for PHA-II. Immunohystochemical analysis revealed that WNK1 and WNK4 are predominantly expressed in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. The physiological studies have shown that WNK4 downregulates the activity of ion transport pathways expressed in these nephron segments, such as the apical thiazide-sensitive Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and apical secretory K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>channel ROMK, as well as upregulates paracellular chloride transport and phosphorylation of tight junction proteins such as claudins. In addition, WNK4 downregulates other Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>influx pathways such as the basolateral Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-2Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>/HCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup>exchanger. WNK4 mutations behave as a loss of function for the Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and a gain of function when it comes to ROMK and claudins. These dual effects of WNK4 mutations fit with proposed mechanisms for developing electrolyte abnormalities and hypertension in PHA-II and point to WNK4 as a multifunctional regulator of diverse ion transporters.</jats:p>
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spelling Gamba, Gerardo 1931-857X 1522-1466 American Physiological Society Physiology http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00311.2004 <jats:p>A recently discovered family of protein kinases is responsible for an autosomal-dominant disease known as Gordon's syndrome or pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHA-II) that features hyperkalemia and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, accompanied by hypertension and hypercalciuria. Four genes have been described in this kinase family, which has been named WNK, due to the absence of a key lysine in kinase subdomain II (with no K kinases). Two of these genes, WNK1 and WNK4 located in human chromosomes 12 and 17, respectively, are responsible for PHA-II. Immunohystochemical analysis revealed that WNK1 and WNK4 are predominantly expressed in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. The physiological studies have shown that WNK4 downregulates the activity of ion transport pathways expressed in these nephron segments, such as the apical thiazide-sensitive Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and apical secretory K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>channel ROMK, as well as upregulates paracellular chloride transport and phosphorylation of tight junction proteins such as claudins. In addition, WNK4 downregulates other Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>influx pathways such as the basolateral Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-K<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-2Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>/HCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup>exchanger. WNK4 mutations behave as a loss of function for the Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-Cl<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>cotransporter and a gain of function when it comes to ROMK and claudins. These dual effects of WNK4 mutations fit with proposed mechanisms for developing electrolyte abnormalities and hypertension in PHA-II and point to WNK4 as a multifunctional regulator of diverse ion transporters.</jats:p> Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology
spellingShingle Gamba, Gerardo, American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension, Physiology
title Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_full Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_fullStr Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_full_unstemmed Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_short Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_sort role of wnk kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
title_unstemmed Role of WNK kinases in regulating tubular salt and potassium transport and in the development of hypertension
topic Physiology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00311.2004