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Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , |
| In: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 114, 2009, B5 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Johnson, Paul A. Bodin, Paul Gomberg, Joan Pearce, Fred Lawrence, Zack Menq, Farn‐Yuh Johnson, Paul A. Bodin, Paul Gomberg, Joan Pearce, Fred Lawrence, Zack Menq, Farn‐Yuh |
|---|---|
| author |
Johnson, Paul A. Bodin, Paul Gomberg, Joan Pearce, Fred Lawrence, Zack Menq, Farn‐Yuh |
| spellingShingle |
Johnson, Paul A. Bodin, Paul Gomberg, Joan Pearce, Fred Lawrence, Zack Menq, Farn‐Yuh Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics |
| author_sort |
johnson, paul a. |
| spelling |
Johnson, Paul A. Bodin, Paul Gomberg, Joan Pearce, Fred Lawrence, Zack Menq, Farn‐Yuh 0148-0227 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005832 <jats:p>It is well known that soil sites have a profound effect on ground motion during large earthquakes. The complex structure of soil deposits and the highly nonlinear constitutive behavior of soils largely control nonlinear site response at soil sites. Measurements of nonlinear soil response under natural conditions are critical to advancing our understanding of soil behavior during earthquakes. Many factors limit the use of earthquake observations to estimate nonlinear site response such that quantitative characterization of nonlinear behavior relies almost exclusively on laboratory experiments and modeling of wave propagation. Here we introduce a new method for in situ characterization of the nonlinear behavior of a natural soil formation using measurements obtained immediately adjacent to a large vibrator source. To our knowledge, we are the first group to propose and test such an approach. Employing a large, surface vibrator as a source, we measure the nonlinear behavior of the soil by incrementally increasing the source amplitude over a range of frequencies and monitoring changes in the output spectra. We apply a homodyne algorithm for measuring spectral amplitudes, which provides robust signal‐to‐noise ratios at the frequencies of interest. Spectral ratios are computed between the receivers and the source as well as receiver pairs located in an array adjacent to the source, providing the means to separate source and near‐source nonlinearity from pervasive nonlinearity in the soil column. We find clear evidence of nonlinearity in significant decreases in the frequency of peak spectral ratios, corresponding to material softening with amplitude, observed across the array as the source amplitude is increased. The observed peak shifts are consistent with laboratory measurements of soil nonlinearity. Our results provide constraints for future numerical modeling studies of strong ground motion during earthquakes.</jats:p> Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
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10.1029/2008jb005832 |
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Online Free |
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Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft Biologie Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft Physik Technik Geologie und Paläontologie Geographie Chemie und Pharmazie |
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| title |
Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_unstemmed |
Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_full |
Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_fullStr |
Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_short |
Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_sort |
inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| topic |
Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005832 |
| publishDate |
2009 |
| physical |
|
| description |
<jats:p>It is well known that soil sites have a profound effect on ground motion during large earthquakes. The complex structure of soil deposits and the highly nonlinear constitutive behavior of soils largely control nonlinear site response at soil sites. Measurements of nonlinear soil response under natural conditions are critical to advancing our understanding of soil behavior during earthquakes. Many factors limit the use of earthquake observations to estimate nonlinear site response such that quantitative characterization of nonlinear behavior relies almost exclusively on laboratory experiments and modeling of wave propagation. Here we introduce a new method for in situ characterization of the nonlinear behavior of a natural soil formation using measurements obtained immediately adjacent to a large vibrator source. To our knowledge, we are the first group to propose and test such an approach. Employing a large, surface vibrator as a source, we measure the nonlinear behavior of the soil by incrementally increasing the source amplitude over a range of frequencies and monitoring changes in the output spectra. We apply a homodyne algorithm for measuring spectral amplitudes, which provides robust signal‐to‐noise ratios at the frequencies of interest. Spectral ratios are computed between the receivers and the source as well as receiver pairs located in an array adjacent to the source, providing the means to separate source and near‐source nonlinearity from pervasive nonlinearity in the soil column. We find clear evidence of nonlinearity in significant decreases in the frequency of peak spectral ratios, corresponding to material softening with amplitude, observed across the array as the source amplitude is increased. The observed peak shifts are consistent with laboratory measurements of soil nonlinearity. Our results provide constraints for future numerical modeling studies of strong ground motion during earthquakes.</jats:p> |
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| author | Johnson, Paul A., Bodin, Paul, Gomberg, Joan, Pearce, Fred, Lawrence, Zack, Menq, Farn‐Yuh |
| author_facet | Johnson, Paul A., Bodin, Paul, Gomberg, Joan, Pearce, Fred, Lawrence, Zack, Menq, Farn‐Yuh, Johnson, Paul A., Bodin, Paul, Gomberg, Joan, Pearce, Fred, Lawrence, Zack, Menq, Farn‐Yuh |
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| description | <jats:p>It is well known that soil sites have a profound effect on ground motion during large earthquakes. The complex structure of soil deposits and the highly nonlinear constitutive behavior of soils largely control nonlinear site response at soil sites. Measurements of nonlinear soil response under natural conditions are critical to advancing our understanding of soil behavior during earthquakes. Many factors limit the use of earthquake observations to estimate nonlinear site response such that quantitative characterization of nonlinear behavior relies almost exclusively on laboratory experiments and modeling of wave propagation. Here we introduce a new method for in situ characterization of the nonlinear behavior of a natural soil formation using measurements obtained immediately adjacent to a large vibrator source. To our knowledge, we are the first group to propose and test such an approach. Employing a large, surface vibrator as a source, we measure the nonlinear behavior of the soil by incrementally increasing the source amplitude over a range of frequencies and monitoring changes in the output spectra. We apply a homodyne algorithm for measuring spectral amplitudes, which provides robust signal‐to‐noise ratios at the frequencies of interest. Spectral ratios are computed between the receivers and the source as well as receiver pairs located in an array adjacent to the source, providing the means to separate source and near‐source nonlinearity from pervasive nonlinearity in the soil column. We find clear evidence of nonlinearity in significant decreases in the frequency of peak spectral ratios, corresponding to material softening with amplitude, observed across the array as the source amplitude is increased. The observed peak shifts are consistent with laboratory measurements of soil nonlinearity. Our results provide constraints for future numerical modeling studies of strong ground motion during earthquakes.</jats:p> |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2008jb005832 |
| facet_avail | Online, Free |
| finc_class_facet | Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft, Biologie, Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft, Physik, Technik, Geologie und Paläontologie, Geographie, Chemie und Pharmazie |
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| imprint_str_mv | American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2009 |
| institution | DE-Gla1, DE-Zi4, DE-15, DE-Pl11, DE-Rs1, DE-105, DE-14, DE-Ch1, DE-L229, DE-D275, DE-Bn3, DE-Brt1, DE-Zwi2, DE-D161 |
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| issn_str_mv | 0148-0227 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-01T14:53:06.89Z |
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| mega_collection | American Geophysical Union (AGU) (CrossRef) |
| physical | |
| publishDate | 2009 |
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| publisher | American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
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| spelling | Johnson, Paul A. Bodin, Paul Gomberg, Joan Pearce, Fred Lawrence, Zack Menq, Farn‐Yuh 0148-0227 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005832 <jats:p>It is well known that soil sites have a profound effect on ground motion during large earthquakes. The complex structure of soil deposits and the highly nonlinear constitutive behavior of soils largely control nonlinear site response at soil sites. Measurements of nonlinear soil response under natural conditions are critical to advancing our understanding of soil behavior during earthquakes. Many factors limit the use of earthquake observations to estimate nonlinear site response such that quantitative characterization of nonlinear behavior relies almost exclusively on laboratory experiments and modeling of wave propagation. Here we introduce a new method for in situ characterization of the nonlinear behavior of a natural soil formation using measurements obtained immediately adjacent to a large vibrator source. To our knowledge, we are the first group to propose and test such an approach. Employing a large, surface vibrator as a source, we measure the nonlinear behavior of the soil by incrementally increasing the source amplitude over a range of frequencies and monitoring changes in the output spectra. We apply a homodyne algorithm for measuring spectral amplitudes, which provides robust signal‐to‐noise ratios at the frequencies of interest. Spectral ratios are computed between the receivers and the source as well as receiver pairs located in an array adjacent to the source, providing the means to separate source and near‐source nonlinearity from pervasive nonlinearity in the soil column. We find clear evidence of nonlinearity in significant decreases in the frequency of peak spectral ratios, corresponding to material softening with amplitude, observed across the array as the source amplitude is increased. The observed peak shifts are consistent with laboratory measurements of soil nonlinearity. Our results provide constraints for future numerical modeling studies of strong ground motion during earthquakes.</jats:p> Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
| spellingShingle | Johnson, Paul A., Bodin, Paul, Gomberg, Joan, Pearce, Fred, Lawrence, Zack, Menq, Farn‐Yuh, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source, Paleontology, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Science, Earth-Surface Processes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Soil Science, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Aquatic Science, Forestry, Oceanography, Geophysics |
| title | Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_full | Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_fullStr | Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_short | Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_sort | inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| title_unstemmed | Inducing in situ, nonlinear soil response applying an active source |
| topic | Paleontology, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Science, Earth-Surface Processes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Soil Science, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Aquatic Science, Forestry, Oceanography, Geophysics |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008jb005832 |