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A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , |
| In: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 104, 1999, C5, S. 11499-11514 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Wentz, Frank J. Smith, Deborah K. Wentz, Frank J. Smith, Deborah K. |
|---|---|
| author |
Wentz, Frank J. Smith, Deborah K. |
| spellingShingle |
Wentz, Frank J. Smith, Deborah K. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics |
| author_sort |
wentz, frank j. |
| spelling |
Wentz, Frank J. Smith, Deborah K. 0148-0227 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98jc02148 <jats:p>A model for the ocean surface normalized radar cross section σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> is derived from 3 months of NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) observations (September 15 to December 18, 1996). The model expresses σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> as a function of wind speed, relative wind direction, incidence angle, and polarization. The dependence of σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> on wind speed is based on collocated special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) satellite wind retrievals and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model winds. We find that at low winds (<5 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), the SSM/I winds are more reliable than ECWMF, probably owing to small location errors in the ECMWF wind features. The primary wind direction dependence of σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> (i.e., the second harmonic) is found from histograms of the σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> difference between the forward and aft antennas. The σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> versus wind speed relationship is adjusted for cross‐swath incidence angle differences and is then incorporated into the NSCAT 1 model used to process the 10‐month (September 15, 1996, to June 29, 1997) NSCAT data set. The resulting NSCAT 1 wind vectors are compared to ECMWF wind fields and buoys. The mean and standard deviation of the NSCAT minus ECMWF (buoy) wind speed difference are 0.05 and 1.78 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (−0.29 and 1.26 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), respectively. The wind direction mean and standard deviation differences are 0.8° and 18.5° (7.9° and 15.7°), respectively. The difference between the NSCAT and the ECMWF (buoy) direction exceeds 90° only 1.1% (1.2%) of the time. We have no explanation for why the buoy wind directions are biased 8° relative to both NSCAT and ECMWF.</jats:p> A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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10.1029/98jc02148 |
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Online Free |
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Physik Technik Geologie und Paläontologie Geographie Chemie und Pharmazie Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft Biologie Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft |
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| title |
A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| title_unstemmed |
A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| title_full |
A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| title_fullStr |
A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| title_short |
A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| title_sort |
a model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 ghz derived from nscat observations |
| topic |
Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98jc02148 |
| publishDate |
1999 |
| physical |
11499-11514 |
| description |
<jats:p>A model for the ocean surface normalized radar cross section σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> is derived from 3 months of NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) observations (September 15 to December 18, 1996). The model expresses σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> as a function of wind speed, relative wind direction, incidence angle, and polarization. The dependence of σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> on wind speed is based on collocated special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) satellite wind retrievals and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model winds. We find that at low winds (<5 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), the SSM/I winds are more reliable than ECWMF, probably owing to small location errors in the ECMWF wind features. The primary wind direction dependence of σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> (i.e., the second harmonic) is found from histograms of the σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> difference between the forward and aft antennas. The σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> versus wind speed relationship is adjusted for cross‐swath incidence angle differences and is then incorporated into the NSCAT 1 model used to process the 10‐month (September 15, 1996, to June 29, 1997) NSCAT data set. The resulting NSCAT 1 wind vectors are compared to ECMWF wind fields and buoys. The mean and standard deviation of the NSCAT minus ECMWF (buoy) wind speed difference are 0.05 and 1.78 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (−0.29 and 1.26 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), respectively. The wind direction mean and standard deviation differences are 0.8° and 18.5° (7.9° and 15.7°), respectively. The difference between the NSCAT and the ECMWF (buoy) direction exceeds 90° only 1.1% (1.2%) of the time. We have no explanation for why the buoy wind directions are biased 8° relative to both NSCAT and ECMWF.</jats:p> |
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| author | Wentz, Frank J., Smith, Deborah K. |
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| description | <jats:p>A model for the ocean surface normalized radar cross section σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> is derived from 3 months of NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) observations (September 15 to December 18, 1996). The model expresses σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> as a function of wind speed, relative wind direction, incidence angle, and polarization. The dependence of σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> on wind speed is based on collocated special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) satellite wind retrievals and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model winds. We find that at low winds (<5 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), the SSM/I winds are more reliable than ECWMF, probably owing to small location errors in the ECMWF wind features. The primary wind direction dependence of σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> (i.e., the second harmonic) is found from histograms of the σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> difference between the forward and aft antennas. The σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> versus wind speed relationship is adjusted for cross‐swath incidence angle differences and is then incorporated into the NSCAT 1 model used to process the 10‐month (September 15, 1996, to June 29, 1997) NSCAT data set. The resulting NSCAT 1 wind vectors are compared to ECMWF wind fields and buoys. The mean and standard deviation of the NSCAT minus ECMWF (buoy) wind speed difference are 0.05 and 1.78 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (−0.29 and 1.26 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), respectively. The wind direction mean and standard deviation differences are 0.8° and 18.5° (7.9° and 15.7°), respectively. The difference between the NSCAT and the ECMWF (buoy) direction exceeds 90° only 1.1% (1.2%) of the time. We have no explanation for why the buoy wind directions are biased 8° relative to both NSCAT and ECMWF.</jats:p> |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/98jc02148 |
| facet_avail | Online, Free |
| finc_class_facet | Physik, Technik, Geologie und Paläontologie, Geographie, Chemie und Pharmazie, Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft, Biologie, Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft |
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| imprint | American Geophysical Union (AGU), 1999 |
| imprint_str_mv | American Geophysical Union (AGU), 1999 |
| institution | DE-Zwi2, DE-D161, DE-Gla1, DE-Zi4, DE-15, DE-Pl11, DE-Rs1, DE-105, DE-14, DE-Ch1, DE-L229, DE-D275, DE-Bn3, DE-Brt1 |
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| language | English |
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| match_str | wentz1999amodelfunctionfortheoceannormalizedradarcrosssectionat14ghzderivedfromnscatobservations |
| mega_collection | American Geophysical Union (AGU) (CrossRef) |
| physical | 11499-11514 |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
| record_format | ai |
| recordtype | ai |
| series | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
| source_id | 49 |
| spelling | Wentz, Frank J. Smith, Deborah K. 0148-0227 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98jc02148 <jats:p>A model for the ocean surface normalized radar cross section σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> is derived from 3 months of NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) observations (September 15 to December 18, 1996). The model expresses σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> as a function of wind speed, relative wind direction, incidence angle, and polarization. The dependence of σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> on wind speed is based on collocated special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) satellite wind retrievals and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model winds. We find that at low winds (<5 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), the SSM/I winds are more reliable than ECWMF, probably owing to small location errors in the ECMWF wind features. The primary wind direction dependence of σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> (i.e., the second harmonic) is found from histograms of the σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> difference between the forward and aft antennas. The σ<jats:sub>o</jats:sub> versus wind speed relationship is adjusted for cross‐swath incidence angle differences and is then incorporated into the NSCAT 1 model used to process the 10‐month (September 15, 1996, to June 29, 1997) NSCAT data set. The resulting NSCAT 1 wind vectors are compared to ECMWF wind fields and buoys. The mean and standard deviation of the NSCAT minus ECMWF (buoy) wind speed difference are 0.05 and 1.78 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (−0.29 and 1.26 ms<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), respectively. The wind direction mean and standard deviation differences are 0.8° and 18.5° (7.9° and 15.7°), respectively. The difference between the NSCAT and the ECMWF (buoy) direction exceeds 90° only 1.1% (1.2%) of the time. We have no explanation for why the buoy wind directions are biased 8° relative to both NSCAT and ECMWF.</jats:p> A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
| spellingShingle | Wentz, Frank J., Smith, Deborah K., Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations, Paleontology, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Science, Earth-Surface Processes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Soil Science, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Aquatic Science, Forestry, Oceanography, Geophysics |
| title | A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| title_full | A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| title_fullStr | A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| title_full_unstemmed | A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| title_short | A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| title_sort | a model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 ghz derived from nscat observations |
| title_unstemmed | A model function for the ocean‐normalized radar cross section at 14 GHz derived from NSCAT observations |
| topic | Paleontology, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Science, Earth-Surface Processes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Soil Science, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Aquatic Science, Forestry, Oceanography, Geophysics |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98jc02148 |