author_facet Buccione, Carla
Fragale, Alessandra
Polverino, Federica
Ziccheddu, Giovanna
Aricò, Eleonora
Belardelli, Filippo
Proietti, Enrico
Battistini, Angela
Moschella, Federica
Buccione, Carla
Fragale, Alessandra
Polverino, Federica
Ziccheddu, Giovanna
Aricò, Eleonora
Belardelli, Filippo
Proietti, Enrico
Battistini, Angela
Moschella, Federica
author Buccione, Carla
Fragale, Alessandra
Polverino, Federica
Ziccheddu, Giovanna
Aricò, Eleonora
Belardelli, Filippo
Proietti, Enrico
Battistini, Angela
Moschella, Federica
spellingShingle Buccione, Carla
Fragale, Alessandra
Polverino, Federica
Ziccheddu, Giovanna
Aricò, Eleonora
Belardelli, Filippo
Proietti, Enrico
Battistini, Angela
Moschella, Federica
International Journal of Cancer
Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
Cancer Research
Oncology
author_sort buccione, carla
spelling Buccione, Carla Fragale, Alessandra Polverino, Federica Ziccheddu, Giovanna Aricò, Eleonora Belardelli, Filippo Proietti, Enrico Battistini, Angela Moschella, Federica 0020-7136 1097-0215 Wiley Cancer Research Oncology http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31083 <jats:p>The antitumor effectiveness of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and other chemotherapeutics was shown to rely not only on direct cytotoxicity but also on immunogenic tumor cell death and systemic immunomodulatory mechanisms, including regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion, Th1 cell polarization, type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokine production. IFN regulatory factor (IRF)‐1 is a transcriptional regulator of IFNs and IFN‐inducible genes, involved in the control of Th1 and Treg differentiation and in sterile inflammation. Aim of this study was to explore the role of IRF‐1 in CTX‐induced antitumor effects and related immune activities. This study shows for the first time that IRF‐1 is important for the antitumor efficacy of CTX in mice. Moreover, experiments in tumor‐bearing C57BL/6 mice showed that <jats:italic>Irf1</jats:italic> gene expression in the spleen was transiently increased following CTX administration and correlated with the induction of Th1 cell expansion and of <jats:italic>Il12p40</jats:italic> gene expression, which is the main Th1‐driving cytokine. At the same time, CTX administration reduced both <jats:italic>Foxp3</jats:italic> expression and Treg cell percentages. These effects were abrogated in <jats:italic>Irf1<jats:sup>−/−</jats:sup></jats:italic> mice. Further experiments showed that the gene and/or protein expression of caspase‐1, iNOS, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and CXCL10 and the levels of nitric oxide were modulated following CTX in an IRF‐1‐direct‐ or ‐indirect‐dependent manner, and highlighted the importance of caspase‐1 in driving the sterile inflammatory response to CTX. Our data identify IRF‐1 as important for the antitumor efficacy of CTX and for the regulation of many immunomodulatory activities of CTX, such as Th1 polarization, Treg depletion and inflammation.</jats:p> Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing <scp>T</scp>reg depletion, <scp>T</scp>h1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide International Journal of Cancer
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title Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_unstemmed Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_full Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_fullStr Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_full_unstemmed Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_short Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_sort role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing <scp>t</scp>reg depletion, <scp>t</scp>h1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
topic Cancer Research
Oncology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31083
publishDate 2018
physical 976-987
description <jats:p>The antitumor effectiveness of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and other chemotherapeutics was shown to rely not only on direct cytotoxicity but also on immunogenic tumor cell death and systemic immunomodulatory mechanisms, including regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion, Th1 cell polarization, type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokine production. IFN regulatory factor (IRF)‐1 is a transcriptional regulator of IFNs and IFN‐inducible genes, involved in the control of Th1 and Treg differentiation and in sterile inflammation. Aim of this study was to explore the role of IRF‐1 in CTX‐induced antitumor effects and related immune activities. This study shows for the first time that IRF‐1 is important for the antitumor efficacy of CTX in mice. Moreover, experiments in tumor‐bearing C57BL/6 mice showed that <jats:italic>Irf1</jats:italic> gene expression in the spleen was transiently increased following CTX administration and correlated with the induction of Th1 cell expansion and of <jats:italic>Il12p40</jats:italic> gene expression, which is the main Th1‐driving cytokine. At the same time, CTX administration reduced both <jats:italic>Foxp3</jats:italic> expression and Treg cell percentages. These effects were abrogated in <jats:italic>Irf1<jats:sup>−/−</jats:sup></jats:italic> mice. Further experiments showed that the gene and/or protein expression of caspase‐1, iNOS, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and CXCL10 and the levels of nitric oxide were modulated following CTX in an IRF‐1‐direct‐ or ‐indirect‐dependent manner, and highlighted the importance of caspase‐1 in driving the sterile inflammatory response to CTX. Our data identify IRF‐1 as important for the antitumor efficacy of CTX and for the regulation of many immunomodulatory activities of CTX, such as Th1 polarization, Treg depletion and inflammation.</jats:p>
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author Buccione, Carla, Fragale, Alessandra, Polverino, Federica, Ziccheddu, Giovanna, Aricò, Eleonora, Belardelli, Filippo, Proietti, Enrico, Battistini, Angela, Moschella, Federica
author_facet Buccione, Carla, Fragale, Alessandra, Polverino, Federica, Ziccheddu, Giovanna, Aricò, Eleonora, Belardelli, Filippo, Proietti, Enrico, Battistini, Angela, Moschella, Federica, Buccione, Carla, Fragale, Alessandra, Polverino, Federica, Ziccheddu, Giovanna, Aricò, Eleonora, Belardelli, Filippo, Proietti, Enrico, Battistini, Angela, Moschella, Federica
author_sort buccione, carla
container_issue 5
container_start_page 976
container_title International Journal of Cancer
container_volume 142
description <jats:p>The antitumor effectiveness of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and other chemotherapeutics was shown to rely not only on direct cytotoxicity but also on immunogenic tumor cell death and systemic immunomodulatory mechanisms, including regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion, Th1 cell polarization, type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokine production. IFN regulatory factor (IRF)‐1 is a transcriptional regulator of IFNs and IFN‐inducible genes, involved in the control of Th1 and Treg differentiation and in sterile inflammation. Aim of this study was to explore the role of IRF‐1 in CTX‐induced antitumor effects and related immune activities. This study shows for the first time that IRF‐1 is important for the antitumor efficacy of CTX in mice. Moreover, experiments in tumor‐bearing C57BL/6 mice showed that <jats:italic>Irf1</jats:italic> gene expression in the spleen was transiently increased following CTX administration and correlated with the induction of Th1 cell expansion and of <jats:italic>Il12p40</jats:italic> gene expression, which is the main Th1‐driving cytokine. At the same time, CTX administration reduced both <jats:italic>Foxp3</jats:italic> expression and Treg cell percentages. These effects were abrogated in <jats:italic>Irf1<jats:sup>−/−</jats:sup></jats:italic> mice. Further experiments showed that the gene and/or protein expression of caspase‐1, iNOS, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and CXCL10 and the levels of nitric oxide were modulated following CTX in an IRF‐1‐direct‐ or ‐indirect‐dependent manner, and highlighted the importance of caspase‐1 in driving the sterile inflammatory response to CTX. Our data identify IRF‐1 as important for the antitumor efficacy of CTX and for the regulation of many immunomodulatory activities of CTX, such as Th1 polarization, Treg depletion and inflammation.</jats:p>
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spelling Buccione, Carla Fragale, Alessandra Polverino, Federica Ziccheddu, Giovanna Aricò, Eleonora Belardelli, Filippo Proietti, Enrico Battistini, Angela Moschella, Federica 0020-7136 1097-0215 Wiley Cancer Research Oncology http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31083 <jats:p>The antitumor effectiveness of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and other chemotherapeutics was shown to rely not only on direct cytotoxicity but also on immunogenic tumor cell death and systemic immunomodulatory mechanisms, including regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion, Th1 cell polarization, type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokine production. IFN regulatory factor (IRF)‐1 is a transcriptional regulator of IFNs and IFN‐inducible genes, involved in the control of Th1 and Treg differentiation and in sterile inflammation. Aim of this study was to explore the role of IRF‐1 in CTX‐induced antitumor effects and related immune activities. This study shows for the first time that IRF‐1 is important for the antitumor efficacy of CTX in mice. Moreover, experiments in tumor‐bearing C57BL/6 mice showed that <jats:italic>Irf1</jats:italic> gene expression in the spleen was transiently increased following CTX administration and correlated with the induction of Th1 cell expansion and of <jats:italic>Il12p40</jats:italic> gene expression, which is the main Th1‐driving cytokine. At the same time, CTX administration reduced both <jats:italic>Foxp3</jats:italic> expression and Treg cell percentages. These effects were abrogated in <jats:italic>Irf1<jats:sup>−/−</jats:sup></jats:italic> mice. Further experiments showed that the gene and/or protein expression of caspase‐1, iNOS, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and CXCL10 and the levels of nitric oxide were modulated following CTX in an IRF‐1‐direct‐ or ‐indirect‐dependent manner, and highlighted the importance of caspase‐1 in driving the sterile inflammatory response to CTX. Our data identify IRF‐1 as important for the antitumor efficacy of CTX and for the regulation of many immunomodulatory activities of CTX, such as Th1 polarization, Treg depletion and inflammation.</jats:p> Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing <scp>T</scp>reg depletion, <scp>T</scp>h1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide International Journal of Cancer
spellingShingle Buccione, Carla, Fragale, Alessandra, Polverino, Federica, Ziccheddu, Giovanna, Aricò, Eleonora, Belardelli, Filippo, Proietti, Enrico, Battistini, Angela, Moschella, Federica, International Journal of Cancer, Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide, Cancer Research, Oncology
title Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_full Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_fullStr Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_full_unstemmed Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_short Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_sort role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing <scp>t</scp>reg depletion, <scp>t</scp>h1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
title_unstemmed Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing Treg depletion, Th1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide
topic Cancer Research, Oncology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31083