author_facet Spinks, Ruth
Sandhu, Harinder K.
Andreasen, Nancy C.
Philibert, Robert A.
Spinks, Ruth
Sandhu, Harinder K.
Andreasen, Nancy C.
Philibert, Robert A.
author Spinks, Ruth
Sandhu, Harinder K.
Andreasen, Nancy C.
Philibert, Robert A.
spellingShingle Spinks, Ruth
Sandhu, Harinder K.
Andreasen, Nancy C.
Philibert, Robert A.
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Psychiatry and Mental health
Genetics (clinical)
author_sort spinks, ruth
spelling Spinks, Ruth Sandhu, Harinder K. Andreasen, Nancy C. Philibert, Robert A. 1552-4841 1552-485X Wiley Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Psychiatry and Mental health Genetics (clinical) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.20175 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>HOPA</jats:italic> is a X‐chromosome gene that encodes an essential nuclear receptor co‐activator. Previously, we have demonstrated that an exonic polymorphism, termed HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup>, in the <jats:italic>Opa</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>pposite <jats:italic>Pa</jats:italic>ired) domain of this gene that is critical for neuronal growth and differentiation is associated with a low risk for schizophrenia. But curiously, we have also noted that all HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> probands have the same haplotype immediately surrounding the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup>, and other investigators have found evidence of population stratification with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele. Since deleterious alleles are weeded from the population, and the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele is not rare, these prior findings suggest the possibility that positive selection may be occurring with respect to the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele and that unique phenotypic features may be associated with this allele. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed symptom data collected from schizophrenic probands and conducted haplotyping studies around the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> polymorphism. Consistent with our hypotheses, genotyping studies of 43 unrelated HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> males and 137 HOPA<jats:sup>wild</jats:sup> males demonstrated that the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele is associated with a large conserved DNA haplotype that extends over several genes known to be critical for human survival. Furthermore, ANOVA analysis of symptom data demonstrated that HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> schizophrenic probands (n = 14) have significantly lower severity of negative symptoms (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.002) and better attention (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.002) than matched controls (n = 30). Taken together, these findings further refine the behavioral endophenotype associated with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele and suggest that the sequence surrounding <jats:italic>HOPA</jats:italic> may need to be considered to fully understand the molecular basis of the phenotype associated with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</jats:p> Association of the HOPA<sup>12bp</sup> allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
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series American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
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title Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_unstemmed Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_full Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_fullStr Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_full_unstemmed Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_short Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_sort association of the hopa<sup>12bp</sup> allele with a large x‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
topic Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
Psychiatry and Mental health
Genetics (clinical)
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.20175
publishDate 2004
physical 20-27
description <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>HOPA</jats:italic> is a X‐chromosome gene that encodes an essential nuclear receptor co‐activator. Previously, we have demonstrated that an exonic polymorphism, termed HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup>, in the <jats:italic>Opa</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>pposite <jats:italic>Pa</jats:italic>ired) domain of this gene that is critical for neuronal growth and differentiation is associated with a low risk for schizophrenia. But curiously, we have also noted that all HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> probands have the same haplotype immediately surrounding the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup>, and other investigators have found evidence of population stratification with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele. Since deleterious alleles are weeded from the population, and the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele is not rare, these prior findings suggest the possibility that positive selection may be occurring with respect to the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele and that unique phenotypic features may be associated with this allele. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed symptom data collected from schizophrenic probands and conducted haplotyping studies around the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> polymorphism. Consistent with our hypotheses, genotyping studies of 43 unrelated HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> males and 137 HOPA<jats:sup>wild</jats:sup> males demonstrated that the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele is associated with a large conserved DNA haplotype that extends over several genes known to be critical for human survival. Furthermore, ANOVA analysis of symptom data demonstrated that HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> schizophrenic probands (n = 14) have significantly lower severity of negative symptoms (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.002) and better attention (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.002) than matched controls (n = 30). Taken together, these findings further refine the behavioral endophenotype associated with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele and suggest that the sequence surrounding <jats:italic>HOPA</jats:italic> may need to be considered to fully understand the molecular basis of the phenotype associated with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</jats:p>
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author Spinks, Ruth, Sandhu, Harinder K., Andreasen, Nancy C., Philibert, Robert A.
author_facet Spinks, Ruth, Sandhu, Harinder K., Andreasen, Nancy C., Philibert, Robert A., Spinks, Ruth, Sandhu, Harinder K., Andreasen, Nancy C., Philibert, Robert A.
author_sort spinks, ruth
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container_title American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
container_volume 127B
description <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>HOPA</jats:italic> is a X‐chromosome gene that encodes an essential nuclear receptor co‐activator. Previously, we have demonstrated that an exonic polymorphism, termed HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup>, in the <jats:italic>Opa</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>pposite <jats:italic>Pa</jats:italic>ired) domain of this gene that is critical for neuronal growth and differentiation is associated with a low risk for schizophrenia. But curiously, we have also noted that all HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> probands have the same haplotype immediately surrounding the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup>, and other investigators have found evidence of population stratification with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele. Since deleterious alleles are weeded from the population, and the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele is not rare, these prior findings suggest the possibility that positive selection may be occurring with respect to the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele and that unique phenotypic features may be associated with this allele. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed symptom data collected from schizophrenic probands and conducted haplotyping studies around the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> polymorphism. Consistent with our hypotheses, genotyping studies of 43 unrelated HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> males and 137 HOPA<jats:sup>wild</jats:sup> males demonstrated that the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele is associated with a large conserved DNA haplotype that extends over several genes known to be critical for human survival. Furthermore, ANOVA analysis of symptom data demonstrated that HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> schizophrenic probands (n = 14) have significantly lower severity of negative symptoms (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.002) and better attention (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.002) than matched controls (n = 30). Taken together, these findings further refine the behavioral endophenotype associated with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele and suggest that the sequence surrounding <jats:italic>HOPA</jats:italic> may need to be considered to fully understand the molecular basis of the phenotype associated with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</jats:p>
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spelling Spinks, Ruth Sandhu, Harinder K. Andreasen, Nancy C. Philibert, Robert A. 1552-4841 1552-485X Wiley Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Psychiatry and Mental health Genetics (clinical) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.20175 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>HOPA</jats:italic> is a X‐chromosome gene that encodes an essential nuclear receptor co‐activator. Previously, we have demonstrated that an exonic polymorphism, termed HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup>, in the <jats:italic>Opa</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>pposite <jats:italic>Pa</jats:italic>ired) domain of this gene that is critical for neuronal growth and differentiation is associated with a low risk for schizophrenia. But curiously, we have also noted that all HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> probands have the same haplotype immediately surrounding the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup>, and other investigators have found evidence of population stratification with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele. Since deleterious alleles are weeded from the population, and the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele is not rare, these prior findings suggest the possibility that positive selection may be occurring with respect to the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele and that unique phenotypic features may be associated with this allele. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed symptom data collected from schizophrenic probands and conducted haplotyping studies around the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> polymorphism. Consistent with our hypotheses, genotyping studies of 43 unrelated HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> males and 137 HOPA<jats:sup>wild</jats:sup> males demonstrated that the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele is associated with a large conserved DNA haplotype that extends over several genes known to be critical for human survival. Furthermore, ANOVA analysis of symptom data demonstrated that HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> schizophrenic probands (n = 14) have significantly lower severity of negative symptoms (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.002) and better attention (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.002) than matched controls (n = 30). Taken together, these findings further refine the behavioral endophenotype associated with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele and suggest that the sequence surrounding <jats:italic>HOPA</jats:italic> may need to be considered to fully understand the molecular basis of the phenotype associated with the HOPA<jats:sup>12bp</jats:sup> allele. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</jats:p> Association of the HOPA<sup>12bp</sup> allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
spellingShingle Spinks, Ruth, Sandhu, Harinder K., Andreasen, Nancy C., Philibert, Robert A., American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Mental health, Genetics (clinical)
title Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_full Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_fullStr Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_full_unstemmed Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_short Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_sort association of the hopa<sup>12bp</sup> allele with a large x‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
title_unstemmed Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X‐chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia
topic Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Mental health, Genetics (clinical)
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.20175