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A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Biology Letters |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , |
| In: | Biology Letters, 11, 2015, 1, S. 20140960 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
The Royal Society
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| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Xu, Guang-Hui Zhao, Li-Jun Shen, Chen-Chen Xu, Guang-Hui Zhao, Li-Jun Shen, Chen-Chen |
|---|---|
| author |
Xu, Guang-Hui Zhao, Li-Jun Shen, Chen-Chen |
| spellingShingle |
Xu, Guang-Hui Zhao, Li-Jun Shen, Chen-Chen Biology Letters A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) |
| author_sort |
xu, guang-hui |
| spelling |
Xu, Guang-Hui Zhao, Li-Jun Shen, Chen-Chen 1744-9561 1744-957X The Royal Society General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0960 <jats:p> Gliding adaptations in thoracopterid flying fishes represent a remarkable case of convergent evolution of overwater gliding strategy with modern exocoetid flying fishes, but the evolutionary origin of this strategy was poorly known in the thoracopterids because of lack of transitional forms. Until recently, all thoracopterids, from the Late Triassic of Austria and Italy and the Middle Triassic of South China, were highly specialized ‘four-winged’ gliders in having wing-like paired fins and an asymmetrical caudal fin with the lower caudal lobe notably larger than the upper lobe. Here, we show that the new genus <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> and the previously alleged ‘peltopleurid’ <jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic> , from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian, 235–242 Ma) of South China and near the Ladinian/Anisian boundary of southern Switzerland and northern Italy, respectively, represent the most primitive and oldest known thoracopterids. <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> , the most basal thoracopterid, shows certain derived features of this group in the skull. <jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic> shows a condition intermediate between <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Thoracopterus</jats:italic> in having a slightly asymmetrical caudal fin but still lacking wing-like paired fins. Phylogenetic studies suggest that the evolution of overwater gliding of thoracopterids was gradual in nature; a four-stage adaption following the ‘cranial specialization–asymmetrical caudal fin–enlarged paired fins–scale reduction’ sequence has been recognized in thoracopterid evolution. Moreover, <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic> bear hooklets on the anal fin of supposed males, resembling those of modern viviparious teleosts. Early thoracopterids probably had evolved a live-bearing reproductive strategy. </jats:p> A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes Biology Letters |
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The Royal Society, 2015 |
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| title |
A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_unstemmed |
A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_full |
A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_fullStr |
A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_short |
A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_sort |
a middle triassic thoracopterid from china highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| topic |
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0960 |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| physical |
20140960 |
| description |
<jats:p>
Gliding adaptations in thoracopterid flying fishes represent a remarkable case of convergent evolution of overwater gliding strategy with modern exocoetid flying fishes, but the evolutionary origin of this strategy was poorly known in the thoracopterids because of lack of transitional forms. Until recently, all thoracopterids, from the Late Triassic of Austria and Italy and the Middle Triassic of South China, were highly specialized ‘four-winged’ gliders in having wing-like paired fins and an asymmetrical caudal fin with the lower caudal lobe notably larger than the upper lobe. Here, we show that the new genus
<jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic>
and the previously alleged ‘peltopleurid’
<jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic>
, from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian, 235–242 Ma) of South China and near the Ladinian/Anisian boundary of southern Switzerland and northern Italy, respectively, represent the most primitive and oldest known thoracopterids.
<jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic>
, the most basal thoracopterid, shows certain derived features of this group in the skull.
<jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic>
shows a condition intermediate between
<jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic>
and
<jats:italic>Thoracopterus</jats:italic>
in having a slightly asymmetrical caudal fin but still lacking wing-like paired fins. Phylogenetic studies suggest that the evolution of overwater gliding of thoracopterids was gradual in nature; a four-stage adaption following the ‘cranial specialization–asymmetrical caudal fin–enlarged paired fins–scale reduction’ sequence has been recognized in thoracopterid evolution. Moreover,
<jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic>
and
<jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic>
bear hooklets on the anal fin of supposed males, resembling those of modern viviparious teleosts. Early thoracopterids probably had evolved a live-bearing reproductive strategy.
</jats:p> |
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| author | Xu, Guang-Hui, Zhao, Li-Jun, Shen, Chen-Chen |
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| description | <jats:p> Gliding adaptations in thoracopterid flying fishes represent a remarkable case of convergent evolution of overwater gliding strategy with modern exocoetid flying fishes, but the evolutionary origin of this strategy was poorly known in the thoracopterids because of lack of transitional forms. Until recently, all thoracopterids, from the Late Triassic of Austria and Italy and the Middle Triassic of South China, were highly specialized ‘four-winged’ gliders in having wing-like paired fins and an asymmetrical caudal fin with the lower caudal lobe notably larger than the upper lobe. Here, we show that the new genus <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> and the previously alleged ‘peltopleurid’ <jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic> , from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian, 235–242 Ma) of South China and near the Ladinian/Anisian boundary of southern Switzerland and northern Italy, respectively, represent the most primitive and oldest known thoracopterids. <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> , the most basal thoracopterid, shows certain derived features of this group in the skull. <jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic> shows a condition intermediate between <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Thoracopterus</jats:italic> in having a slightly asymmetrical caudal fin but still lacking wing-like paired fins. Phylogenetic studies suggest that the evolution of overwater gliding of thoracopterids was gradual in nature; a four-stage adaption following the ‘cranial specialization–asymmetrical caudal fin–enlarged paired fins–scale reduction’ sequence has been recognized in thoracopterid evolution. Moreover, <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic> bear hooklets on the anal fin of supposed males, resembling those of modern viviparious teleosts. Early thoracopterids probably had evolved a live-bearing reproductive strategy. </jats:p> |
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| spelling | Xu, Guang-Hui Zhao, Li-Jun Shen, Chen-Chen 1744-9561 1744-957X The Royal Society General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0960 <jats:p> Gliding adaptations in thoracopterid flying fishes represent a remarkable case of convergent evolution of overwater gliding strategy with modern exocoetid flying fishes, but the evolutionary origin of this strategy was poorly known in the thoracopterids because of lack of transitional forms. Until recently, all thoracopterids, from the Late Triassic of Austria and Italy and the Middle Triassic of South China, were highly specialized ‘four-winged’ gliders in having wing-like paired fins and an asymmetrical caudal fin with the lower caudal lobe notably larger than the upper lobe. Here, we show that the new genus <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> and the previously alleged ‘peltopleurid’ <jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic> , from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian, 235–242 Ma) of South China and near the Ladinian/Anisian boundary of southern Switzerland and northern Italy, respectively, represent the most primitive and oldest known thoracopterids. <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> , the most basal thoracopterid, shows certain derived features of this group in the skull. <jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic> shows a condition intermediate between <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Thoracopterus</jats:italic> in having a slightly asymmetrical caudal fin but still lacking wing-like paired fins. Phylogenetic studies suggest that the evolution of overwater gliding of thoracopterids was gradual in nature; a four-stage adaption following the ‘cranial specialization–asymmetrical caudal fin–enlarged paired fins–scale reduction’ sequence has been recognized in thoracopterid evolution. Moreover, <jats:italic>Wushaichthys</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Peripeltopleurus</jats:italic> bear hooklets on the anal fin of supposed males, resembling those of modern viviparious teleosts. Early thoracopterids probably had evolved a live-bearing reproductive strategy. </jats:p> A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes Biology Letters |
| spellingShingle | Xu, Guang-Hui, Zhao, Li-Jun, Shen, Chen-Chen, Biology Letters, A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) |
| title | A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_full | A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_fullStr | A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_short | A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_sort | a middle triassic thoracopterid from china highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| title_unstemmed | A Middle Triassic thoracopterid from China highlights the evolutionary origin of overwater gliding in early ray-finned fishes |
| topic | General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0960 |