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Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | International Journal of Psychology |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | |
| In: | International Journal of Psychology, 42, 2007, 6, S. 365-379 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Wiley
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| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Green, Eva G. T. Green, Eva G. T. |
|---|---|
| author |
Green, Eva G. T. |
| spellingShingle |
Green, Eva G. T. International Journal of Psychology Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries General Psychology Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) General Medicine |
| author_sort |
green, eva g. t. |
| spelling |
Green, Eva G. T. 0020-7594 1464-066X Wiley General Psychology Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) General Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590600852454 <jats:p>With data from the European Social Survey (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 36,602), individual patterns of three immigration attitudes, referred to as gatekeeping attitudes, were investigated within and across 21 European national contexts. Gatekeeping attitudes, akin to blatant and subtle forms of xenophobia, designate the level of endorsement of different admission standards set for immigrants entering European countries, as well as of expulsion criteria for immigrants transgressing norms and laws. A K‐means cluster analysis, performed on national majority members' scores of endorsement of individual (e.g., language and working skills) and categorical (e.g., skin colour, religion) <jats:italic>entry</jats:italic> criteria and individual <jats:italic>expulsion</jats:italic> criteria (e.g., criminal act, long‐term unemployment), yielded a typology of three constrained combinations of these dimensions. <jats:italic>Strict gatekeepers</jats:italic> favoured all criteria, <jats:italic>lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> opposed all criteria, whereas <jats:italic>individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> favoured individual and opposed categorical criteria. Membership in typology groups was predicted with a generalized prejudiced attitude construct, social status, and personal contact with immigrants. <jats:italic>Lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> were less homophobic, had a higher education level, felt financially less vulnerable, and had more immigrant friends than <jats:italic>strict gatekeepers</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> held an intermediate position. Variability was observed in all countries, despite the prevalence of a typology group within a given country. <jats:italic>Strict gatekeepers</jats:italic> were common among participants from Southern and Eastern European nations, <jats:italic>lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> in Scandinavian countries, and <jats:italic>individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> in Western European countries. Cross‐national differences are discussed in light of European immigration history and policies.</jats:p> Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries International Journal of Psychology |
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| title |
Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_unstemmed |
Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_full |
Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_fullStr |
Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_short |
Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_sort |
guarding the gates of europe: a typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| topic |
General Psychology Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) General Medicine |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590600852454 |
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2007 |
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365-379 |
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<jats:p>With data from the European Social Survey (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 36,602), individual patterns of three immigration attitudes, referred to as gatekeeping attitudes, were investigated within and across 21 European national contexts. Gatekeeping attitudes, akin to blatant and subtle forms of xenophobia, designate the level of endorsement of different admission standards set for immigrants entering European countries, as well as of expulsion criteria for immigrants transgressing norms and laws. A K‐means cluster analysis, performed on national majority members' scores of endorsement of individual (e.g., language and working skills) and categorical (e.g., skin colour, religion) <jats:italic>entry</jats:italic> criteria and individual <jats:italic>expulsion</jats:italic> criteria (e.g., criminal act, long‐term unemployment), yielded a typology of three constrained combinations of these dimensions. <jats:italic>Strict gatekeepers</jats:italic> favoured all criteria, <jats:italic>lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> opposed all criteria, whereas <jats:italic>individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> favoured individual and opposed categorical criteria. Membership in typology groups was predicted with a generalized prejudiced attitude construct, social status, and personal contact with immigrants. <jats:italic>Lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> were less homophobic, had a higher education level, felt financially less vulnerable, and had more immigrant friends than <jats:italic>strict gatekeepers</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> held an intermediate position. Variability was observed in all countries, despite the prevalence of a typology group within a given country. <jats:italic>Strict gatekeepers</jats:italic> were common among participants from Southern and Eastern European nations, <jats:italic>lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> in Scandinavian countries, and <jats:italic>individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> in Western European countries. Cross‐national differences are discussed in light of European immigration history and policies.</jats:p> |
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| description | <jats:p>With data from the European Social Survey (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 36,602), individual patterns of three immigration attitudes, referred to as gatekeeping attitudes, were investigated within and across 21 European national contexts. Gatekeeping attitudes, akin to blatant and subtle forms of xenophobia, designate the level of endorsement of different admission standards set for immigrants entering European countries, as well as of expulsion criteria for immigrants transgressing norms and laws. A K‐means cluster analysis, performed on national majority members' scores of endorsement of individual (e.g., language and working skills) and categorical (e.g., skin colour, religion) <jats:italic>entry</jats:italic> criteria and individual <jats:italic>expulsion</jats:italic> criteria (e.g., criminal act, long‐term unemployment), yielded a typology of three constrained combinations of these dimensions. <jats:italic>Strict gatekeepers</jats:italic> favoured all criteria, <jats:italic>lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> opposed all criteria, whereas <jats:italic>individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> favoured individual and opposed categorical criteria. Membership in typology groups was predicted with a generalized prejudiced attitude construct, social status, and personal contact with immigrants. <jats:italic>Lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> were less homophobic, had a higher education level, felt financially less vulnerable, and had more immigrant friends than <jats:italic>strict gatekeepers</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> held an intermediate position. Variability was observed in all countries, despite the prevalence of a typology group within a given country. <jats:italic>Strict gatekeepers</jats:italic> were common among participants from Southern and Eastern European nations, <jats:italic>lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> in Scandinavian countries, and <jats:italic>individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> in Western European countries. Cross‐national differences are discussed in light of European immigration history and policies.</jats:p> |
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| spelling | Green, Eva G. T. 0020-7594 1464-066X Wiley General Psychology Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) General Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590600852454 <jats:p>With data from the European Social Survey (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 36,602), individual patterns of three immigration attitudes, referred to as gatekeeping attitudes, were investigated within and across 21 European national contexts. Gatekeeping attitudes, akin to blatant and subtle forms of xenophobia, designate the level of endorsement of different admission standards set for immigrants entering European countries, as well as of expulsion criteria for immigrants transgressing norms and laws. A K‐means cluster analysis, performed on national majority members' scores of endorsement of individual (e.g., language and working skills) and categorical (e.g., skin colour, religion) <jats:italic>entry</jats:italic> criteria and individual <jats:italic>expulsion</jats:italic> criteria (e.g., criminal act, long‐term unemployment), yielded a typology of three constrained combinations of these dimensions. <jats:italic>Strict gatekeepers</jats:italic> favoured all criteria, <jats:italic>lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> opposed all criteria, whereas <jats:italic>individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> favoured individual and opposed categorical criteria. Membership in typology groups was predicted with a generalized prejudiced attitude construct, social status, and personal contact with immigrants. <jats:italic>Lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> were less homophobic, had a higher education level, felt financially less vulnerable, and had more immigrant friends than <jats:italic>strict gatekeepers</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> held an intermediate position. Variability was observed in all countries, despite the prevalence of a typology group within a given country. <jats:italic>Strict gatekeepers</jats:italic> were common among participants from Southern and Eastern European nations, <jats:italic>lenient gatekeepers</jats:italic> in Scandinavian countries, and <jats:italic>individualist gatekeepers</jats:italic> in Western European countries. Cross‐national differences are discussed in light of European immigration history and policies.</jats:p> Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries International Journal of Psychology |
| spellingShingle | Green, Eva G. T., International Journal of Psychology, Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries, General Psychology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), General Medicine |
| title | Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_full | Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_fullStr | Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_short | Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_sort | guarding the gates of europe: a typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| title_unstemmed | Guarding the gates of Europe: A typological analysis of immigration attitudes across 21 countries |
| topic | General Psychology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), General Medicine |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590600852454 |