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Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | European Journal of Soil Science |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , |
| In: | European Journal of Soil Science, 50, 1999, 3, S. 505-514 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Wiley
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| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Malicki, M. A. Walczak, R. T. Malicki, M. A. Walczak, R. T. |
|---|---|
| author |
Malicki, M. A. Walczak, R. T. |
| spellingShingle |
Malicki, M. A. Walczak, R. T. European Journal of Soil Science Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity Soil Science |
| author_sort |
malicki, m. a. |
| spelling |
Malicki, M. A. Walczak, R. T. 1351-0754 1365-2389 Wiley Soil Science http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00245.x <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>In the range of volumetric water content, <jats:italic>θ</jats:italic>, from about 0.12 cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup> to saturation the relation between bulk electrical conductivity, <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>, and bulk electrical permittivity, <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>, of mineral soils was observed to be linear. The partial derivative ∂<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>/∂<jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> appeared independent of the moisture content and directly proportional to soil salinity. We found that the variable <jats:italic>X</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> = ∂<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>/∂<jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> determined from <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> measurements of <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>(<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> > 0.2) and <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>(<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> > 0.2) can be considered as an index of soil salinity, and we call it the ‘salinity index’. Knowing the index and sand content for a given soil we could calculate the electrical conductivity of the soil water, <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>w</jats:sub>, which is a widely accepted measure of soil salinity. The two variables from which the salinity index can be calculated, i.e. <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>, can be read simultaneously from the same sensor by time‐domain reflectometry.</jats:p><jats:p>Quantities and symbols</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>a</jats:italic> constant /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>b</jats:italic> constant</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>c</jats:italic> constant /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>b</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of bulk soil /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>b</jats:sub>′ constant equal to 0.08 dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>s</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of a solution used to moisten soil samples /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>w</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of soil water defined as the soil salinity /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>wref</jats:sub> reference salinity (that truly existing) resulting from the procedure of moistening samples, expressed as <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> + <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>r</jats:sub>/dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>r</jats:sub> baseline value of <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> due to residual soluble salts present in the soil /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>d</jats:italic> constant</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>D</jats:italic> dry soil bulk density /g cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>l</jats:italic> slope</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>r</jats:italic> ratio</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>S</jats:italic> sand content /% by weight</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>t</jats:italic> time /s</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>s</jats:sub> salinity index /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>si</jats:sub> initial salinity index when distilled water is used to moisten soil samples /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Y</jats:italic> a moisture‐independent salinity‐dependent variable /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>z</jats:italic> coordinate along direction of flow of the soil solution</jats:p><jats:p>ε′ constant equal to 6.2</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> relative bulk electrical permittivity (dielectric constant) of the soil</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> volumetric water content determined thermogravimetrically using oven‐drying /cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup></jats:p> Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity European Journal of Soil Science |
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10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00245.x |
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Wiley, 1999 |
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1999 |
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Wiley |
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ai |
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ai |
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European Journal of Soil Science |
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49 |
| title |
Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_unstemmed |
Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_full |
Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_short |
Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_sort |
evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| topic |
Soil Science |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00245.x |
| publishDate |
1999 |
| physical |
505-514 |
| description |
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>In the range of volumetric water content, <jats:italic>θ</jats:italic>, from about 0.12 cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup> to saturation the relation between bulk electrical conductivity, <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>, and bulk electrical permittivity, <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>, of mineral soils was observed to be linear. The partial derivative ∂<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>/∂<jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> appeared independent of the moisture content and directly proportional to soil salinity. We found that the variable <jats:italic>X</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> = ∂<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>/∂<jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> determined from <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> measurements of <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>(<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> > 0.2) and <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>(<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> > 0.2) can be considered as an index of soil salinity, and we call it the ‘salinity index’. Knowing the index and sand content for a given soil we could calculate the electrical conductivity of the soil water, <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>w</jats:sub>, which is a widely accepted measure of soil salinity. The two variables from which the salinity index can be calculated, i.e. <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>, can be read simultaneously from the same sensor by time‐domain reflectometry.</jats:p><jats:p>Quantities and symbols</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>a</jats:italic> constant /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>b</jats:italic> constant</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>c</jats:italic> constant /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic>
<jats:sub>b</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of bulk soil /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic>
<jats:sub>b</jats:sub>′ constant equal to 0.08 dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic>
<jats:sub>s</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of a solution used to moisten soil samples /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic>
<jats:sub>w</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of soil water defined as the soil salinity /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic>
<jats:sub>wref</jats:sub> reference salinity (that truly existing) resulting from the procedure of moistening samples, expressed as <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> + <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>r</jats:sub>/dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic>
<jats:sub>r</jats:sub> baseline value of <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> due to residual soluble salts present in the soil /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>d</jats:italic> constant</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>D</jats:italic> dry soil bulk density /g cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>l</jats:italic> slope</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>r</jats:italic> ratio</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>S</jats:italic> sand content /% by weight</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>t</jats:italic> time /s</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>X</jats:italic>
<jats:sub>s</jats:sub> salinity index /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>X</jats:italic>
<jats:sub>si</jats:sub> initial salinity index when distilled water is used to moisten soil samples /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Y</jats:italic> a moisture‐independent salinity‐dependent variable /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>z</jats:italic> coordinate along direction of flow of the soil solution</jats:p><jats:p>ε′ constant equal to 6.2</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> relative bulk electrical permittivity (dielectric constant) of the soil</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> volumetric water content determined thermogravimetrically using oven‐drying /cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup></jats:p> |
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| description | <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>In the range of volumetric water content, <jats:italic>θ</jats:italic>, from about 0.12 cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup> to saturation the relation between bulk electrical conductivity, <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>, and bulk electrical permittivity, <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>, of mineral soils was observed to be linear. The partial derivative ∂<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>/∂<jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> appeared independent of the moisture content and directly proportional to soil salinity. We found that the variable <jats:italic>X</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> = ∂<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>/∂<jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> determined from <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> measurements of <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>(<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> > 0.2) and <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>(<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> > 0.2) can be considered as an index of soil salinity, and we call it the ‘salinity index’. Knowing the index and sand content for a given soil we could calculate the electrical conductivity of the soil water, <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>w</jats:sub>, which is a widely accepted measure of soil salinity. The two variables from which the salinity index can be calculated, i.e. <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>, can be read simultaneously from the same sensor by time‐domain reflectometry.</jats:p><jats:p>Quantities and symbols</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>a</jats:italic> constant /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>b</jats:italic> constant</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>c</jats:italic> constant /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>b</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of bulk soil /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>b</jats:sub>′ constant equal to 0.08 dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>s</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of a solution used to moisten soil samples /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>w</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of soil water defined as the soil salinity /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>wref</jats:sub> reference salinity (that truly existing) resulting from the procedure of moistening samples, expressed as <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> + <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>r</jats:sub>/dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>r</jats:sub> baseline value of <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> due to residual soluble salts present in the soil /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>d</jats:italic> constant</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>D</jats:italic> dry soil bulk density /g cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>l</jats:italic> slope</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>r</jats:italic> ratio</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>S</jats:italic> sand content /% by weight</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>t</jats:italic> time /s</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>s</jats:sub> salinity index /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>si</jats:sub> initial salinity index when distilled water is used to moisten soil samples /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Y</jats:italic> a moisture‐independent salinity‐dependent variable /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>z</jats:italic> coordinate along direction of flow of the soil solution</jats:p><jats:p>ε′ constant equal to 6.2</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> relative bulk electrical permittivity (dielectric constant) of the soil</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> volumetric water content determined thermogravimetrically using oven‐drying /cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup></jats:p> |
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| series | European Journal of Soil Science |
| source_id | 49 |
| spelling | Malicki, M. A. Walczak, R. T. 1351-0754 1365-2389 Wiley Soil Science http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00245.x <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>In the range of volumetric water content, <jats:italic>θ</jats:italic>, from about 0.12 cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup> to saturation the relation between bulk electrical conductivity, <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>, and bulk electrical permittivity, <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>, of mineral soils was observed to be linear. The partial derivative ∂<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>/∂<jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> appeared independent of the moisture content and directly proportional to soil salinity. We found that the variable <jats:italic>X</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> = ∂<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>/∂<jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> determined from <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> measurements of <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>(<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> > 0.2) and <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>(<jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> > 0.2) can be considered as an index of soil salinity, and we call it the ‘salinity index’. Knowing the index and sand content for a given soil we could calculate the electrical conductivity of the soil water, <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>w</jats:sub>, which is a widely accepted measure of soil salinity. The two variables from which the salinity index can be calculated, i.e. <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>, can be read simultaneously from the same sensor by time‐domain reflectometry.</jats:p><jats:p>Quantities and symbols</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>a</jats:italic> constant /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>b</jats:italic> constant</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>c</jats:italic> constant /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>b</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of bulk soil /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>b</jats:sub>′ constant equal to 0.08 dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>s</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of a solution used to moisten soil samples /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>w</jats:sub> electrical conductivity of soil water defined as the soil salinity /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>wref</jats:sub> reference salinity (that truly existing) resulting from the procedure of moistening samples, expressed as <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> + <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>r</jats:sub>/dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>r</jats:sub> baseline value of <jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>s</jats:sub> due to residual soluble salts present in the soil /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>d</jats:italic> constant</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>D</jats:italic> dry soil bulk density /g cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>l</jats:italic> slope</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>r</jats:italic> ratio</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>S</jats:italic> sand content /% by weight</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>t</jats:italic> time /s</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>s</jats:sub> salinity index /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>X</jats:italic> <jats:sub>si</jats:sub> initial salinity index when distilled water is used to moisten soil samples /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Y</jats:italic> a moisture‐independent salinity‐dependent variable /dS m<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup></jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>z</jats:italic> coordinate along direction of flow of the soil solution</jats:p><jats:p>ε′ constant equal to 6.2</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>ε</jats:italic> relative bulk electrical permittivity (dielectric constant) of the soil</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>θ</jats:italic> volumetric water content determined thermogravimetrically using oven‐drying /cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> cm<jats:sup>–3</jats:sup></jats:p> Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity European Journal of Soil Science |
| spellingShingle | Malicki, M. A., Walczak, R. T., European Journal of Soil Science, Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity, Soil Science |
| title | Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_full | Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_short | Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_sort | evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| title_unstemmed | Evaluating soil salinity status from bulk electrical conductivity and permittivity |
| topic | Soil Science |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00245.x |