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Kaiser, Daniel
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Peelen, Marius V.
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Kaiser, Daniel
Peelen, Marius V.
spellingShingle Proklova, Daria
Kaiser, Daniel
Peelen, Marius V.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
Cognitive Neuroscience
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spelling Proklova, Daria Kaiser, Daniel Peelen, Marius V. 0898-929X 1530-8898 MIT Press - Journals Cognitive Neuroscience http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00924 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Objects belonging to different categories evoke reliably different fMRI activity patterns in human occipitotemporal cortex, with the most prominent distinction being that between animate and inanimate objects. An unresolved question is whether these categorical distinctions reflect category-associated visual properties of objects or whether they genuinely reflect object category. Here, we addressed this question by measuring fMRI responses to animate and inanimate objects that were closely matched for shape and low-level visual features. Univariate contrasts revealed animate- and inanimate-preferring regions in ventral and lateral temporal cortex even for individually matched object pairs (e.g., snake–rope). Using representational similarity analysis, we mapped out brain regions in which the pairwise dissimilarity of multivoxel activity patterns (neural dissimilarity) was predicted by the objects' pairwise visual dissimilarity and/or their categorical dissimilarity. Visual dissimilarity was measured as the time it took participants to find a unique target among identical distractors in three visual search experiments, where we separately quantified overall dissimilarity, outline dissimilarity, and texture dissimilarity. All three visual dissimilarity structures predicted neural dissimilarity in regions of visual cortex. Interestingly, these analyses revealed several clusters in which categorical dissimilarity predicted neural dissimilarity after regressing out visual dissimilarity. Together, these results suggest that the animate–inanimate organization of human visual cortex is not fully explained by differences in the characteristic shape or texture properties of animals and inanimate objects. Instead, representations of visual object properties and object category may coexist in more anterior parts of the visual system.</jats:p> Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
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title Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
title_unstemmed Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
title_full Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
title_fullStr Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
title_full_unstemmed Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
title_short Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
title_sort disentangling representations of object shape and object category in human visual cortex: the animate–inanimate distinction
topic Cognitive Neuroscience
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00924
publishDate 2016
physical 680-692
description <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Objects belonging to different categories evoke reliably different fMRI activity patterns in human occipitotemporal cortex, with the most prominent distinction being that between animate and inanimate objects. An unresolved question is whether these categorical distinctions reflect category-associated visual properties of objects or whether they genuinely reflect object category. Here, we addressed this question by measuring fMRI responses to animate and inanimate objects that were closely matched for shape and low-level visual features. Univariate contrasts revealed animate- and inanimate-preferring regions in ventral and lateral temporal cortex even for individually matched object pairs (e.g., snake–rope). Using representational similarity analysis, we mapped out brain regions in which the pairwise dissimilarity of multivoxel activity patterns (neural dissimilarity) was predicted by the objects' pairwise visual dissimilarity and/or their categorical dissimilarity. Visual dissimilarity was measured as the time it took participants to find a unique target among identical distractors in three visual search experiments, where we separately quantified overall dissimilarity, outline dissimilarity, and texture dissimilarity. All three visual dissimilarity structures predicted neural dissimilarity in regions of visual cortex. Interestingly, these analyses revealed several clusters in which categorical dissimilarity predicted neural dissimilarity after regressing out visual dissimilarity. Together, these results suggest that the animate–inanimate organization of human visual cortex is not fully explained by differences in the characteristic shape or texture properties of animals and inanimate objects. Instead, representations of visual object properties and object category may coexist in more anterior parts of the visual system.</jats:p>
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description <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Objects belonging to different categories evoke reliably different fMRI activity patterns in human occipitotemporal cortex, with the most prominent distinction being that between animate and inanimate objects. An unresolved question is whether these categorical distinctions reflect category-associated visual properties of objects or whether they genuinely reflect object category. Here, we addressed this question by measuring fMRI responses to animate and inanimate objects that were closely matched for shape and low-level visual features. Univariate contrasts revealed animate- and inanimate-preferring regions in ventral and lateral temporal cortex even for individually matched object pairs (e.g., snake–rope). Using representational similarity analysis, we mapped out brain regions in which the pairwise dissimilarity of multivoxel activity patterns (neural dissimilarity) was predicted by the objects' pairwise visual dissimilarity and/or their categorical dissimilarity. Visual dissimilarity was measured as the time it took participants to find a unique target among identical distractors in three visual search experiments, where we separately quantified overall dissimilarity, outline dissimilarity, and texture dissimilarity. All three visual dissimilarity structures predicted neural dissimilarity in regions of visual cortex. Interestingly, these analyses revealed several clusters in which categorical dissimilarity predicted neural dissimilarity after regressing out visual dissimilarity. Together, these results suggest that the animate–inanimate organization of human visual cortex is not fully explained by differences in the characteristic shape or texture properties of animals and inanimate objects. Instead, representations of visual object properties and object category may coexist in more anterior parts of the visual system.</jats:p>
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spelling Proklova, Daria Kaiser, Daniel Peelen, Marius V. 0898-929X 1530-8898 MIT Press - Journals Cognitive Neuroscience http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00924 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Objects belonging to different categories evoke reliably different fMRI activity patterns in human occipitotemporal cortex, with the most prominent distinction being that between animate and inanimate objects. An unresolved question is whether these categorical distinctions reflect category-associated visual properties of objects or whether they genuinely reflect object category. Here, we addressed this question by measuring fMRI responses to animate and inanimate objects that were closely matched for shape and low-level visual features. Univariate contrasts revealed animate- and inanimate-preferring regions in ventral and lateral temporal cortex even for individually matched object pairs (e.g., snake–rope). Using representational similarity analysis, we mapped out brain regions in which the pairwise dissimilarity of multivoxel activity patterns (neural dissimilarity) was predicted by the objects' pairwise visual dissimilarity and/or their categorical dissimilarity. Visual dissimilarity was measured as the time it took participants to find a unique target among identical distractors in three visual search experiments, where we separately quantified overall dissimilarity, outline dissimilarity, and texture dissimilarity. All three visual dissimilarity structures predicted neural dissimilarity in regions of visual cortex. Interestingly, these analyses revealed several clusters in which categorical dissimilarity predicted neural dissimilarity after regressing out visual dissimilarity. Together, these results suggest that the animate–inanimate organization of human visual cortex is not fully explained by differences in the characteristic shape or texture properties of animals and inanimate objects. Instead, representations of visual object properties and object category may coexist in more anterior parts of the visual system.</jats:p> Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
spellingShingle Proklova, Daria, Kaiser, Daniel, Peelen, Marius V., Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction, Cognitive Neuroscience
title Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
title_full Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
title_fullStr Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
title_full_unstemmed Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
title_short Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
title_sort disentangling representations of object shape and object category in human visual cortex: the animate–inanimate distinction
title_unstemmed Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction
topic Cognitive Neuroscience
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00924