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Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects

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Journal Title: Teratology
Authors and Corporations: Newman, Thomas B., Browner, Warren S.
In: Teratology, 38, 1988, 4, p. 303-311
Type of Resource: E-Article
Language: English
published:
Subjects:
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Developmental Biology
Toxicology
Embryology
author_facet Newman, Thomas B.
Browner, Warren S.
Newman, Thomas B.
Browner, Warren S.
author Newman, Thomas B.
Browner, Warren S.
spellingShingle Newman, Thomas B.
Browner, Warren S.
Teratology
Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Developmental Biology
Toxicology
Embryology
author_sort newman, thomas b.
spelling Newman, Thomas B. Browner, Warren S. 0040-3709 1096-9926 Wiley Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Developmental Biology Toxicology Embryology http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420380402 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The epidemiologic approach to determining the etiology of disease involves identification of potential risk factors and then comparison of disease incidence among people with varying levels of exposure to the potential risk factors. This paper defines risk factors which correspond to different levels of genetic and environmental proximity to index cases of birth defects. Genetic proximity is estimated by the coefficient of relationship (R): 0.5 for siblings and dizygotic twins and 1.0 for monozygotic twins. Environmental proximity is measured by a combination of two variables: one variable for those potentially preventable risk factors common to siblings (S) and another for those common only to twins (T). Discordance in identical twins is attributed to a third type of environmental factors (U) that are unshared by twins and include random (stochastic) factors. The association between these risk factors and birth defects is estimated by using a linear model of the correlation of liability for different relatives. The coefficients derived from the model reflect the relative importance of genetic and different types of environmental risk factors as causes for the defects and can be used to identify birth defects most likely to be caused by measurable and possibly preventable risk factors. These defects could then be assigned high priority for future studies and preventive efforts.</jats:p> Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects Teratology
doi_str_mv 10.1002/tera.1420380402
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title Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_unstemmed Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_full Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_fullStr Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_full_unstemmed Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_short Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_sort use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
topic Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Developmental Biology
Toxicology
Embryology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420380402
publishDate 1988
physical 303-311
description AbstractThe epidemiologic approach to determining the etiology of disease involves identification of potential risk factors and then comparison of disease incidence among people with varying levels of exposure to the potential risk factors. This paper defines risk factors which correspond to different levels of genetic and environmental proximity to index cases of birth defects. Genetic proximity is estimated by the coefficient of relationship (R): 0.5 for siblings and dizygotic twins and 1.0 for monozygotic twins. Environmental proximity is measured by a combination of two variables: one variable for those potentially preventable risk factors common to siblings (S) and another for those common only to twins (T). Discordance in identical twins is attributed to a third type of environmental factors (U) that are unshared by twins and include random (stochastic) factors. The association between these risk factors and birth defects is estimated by using a linear model of the correlation of liability for different relatives. The coefficients derived from the model reflect the relative importance of genetic and different types of environmental risk factors as causes for the defects and can be used to identify birth defects most likely to be caused by measurable and possibly preventable risk factors. These defects could then be assigned high priority for future studies and preventive efforts.
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author Newman, Thomas B., Browner, Warren S.
author_facet Newman, Thomas B., Browner, Warren S., Newman, Thomas B., Browner, Warren S.
author_sort newman, thomas b.
container_issue 4
container_start_page 303
container_title Teratology
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description AbstractThe epidemiologic approach to determining the etiology of disease involves identification of potential risk factors and then comparison of disease incidence among people with varying levels of exposure to the potential risk factors. This paper defines risk factors which correspond to different levels of genetic and environmental proximity to index cases of birth defects. Genetic proximity is estimated by the coefficient of relationship (R): 0.5 for siblings and dizygotic twins and 1.0 for monozygotic twins. Environmental proximity is measured by a combination of two variables: one variable for those potentially preventable risk factors common to siblings (S) and another for those common only to twins (T). Discordance in identical twins is attributed to a third type of environmental factors (U) that are unshared by twins and include random (stochastic) factors. The association between these risk factors and birth defects is estimated by using a linear model of the correlation of liability for different relatives. The coefficients derived from the model reflect the relative importance of genetic and different types of environmental risk factors as causes for the defects and can be used to identify birth defects most likely to be caused by measurable and possibly preventable risk factors. These defects could then be assigned high priority for future studies and preventive efforts.
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spelling Newman, Thomas B. Browner, Warren S. 0040-3709 1096-9926 Wiley Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Developmental Biology Toxicology Embryology http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420380402 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The epidemiologic approach to determining the etiology of disease involves identification of potential risk factors and then comparison of disease incidence among people with varying levels of exposure to the potential risk factors. This paper defines risk factors which correspond to different levels of genetic and environmental proximity to index cases of birth defects. Genetic proximity is estimated by the coefficient of relationship (R): 0.5 for siblings and dizygotic twins and 1.0 for monozygotic twins. Environmental proximity is measured by a combination of two variables: one variable for those potentially preventable risk factors common to siblings (S) and another for those common only to twins (T). Discordance in identical twins is attributed to a third type of environmental factors (U) that are unshared by twins and include random (stochastic) factors. The association between these risk factors and birth defects is estimated by using a linear model of the correlation of liability for different relatives. The coefficients derived from the model reflect the relative importance of genetic and different types of environmental risk factors as causes for the defects and can be used to identify birth defects most likely to be caused by measurable and possibly preventable risk factors. These defects could then be assigned high priority for future studies and preventive efforts.</jats:p> Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects Teratology
spellingShingle Newman, Thomas B., Browner, Warren S., Teratology, Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Developmental Biology, Toxicology, Embryology
title Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_full Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_fullStr Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_full_unstemmed Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_short Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_sort use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
title_unstemmed Use of the correlation of liability in twins and siblings in the study of birth defects
topic Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Developmental Biology, Toxicology, Embryology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420380402